Gaines writings about Louisiana have been understood and responded to largely as writings about race. Because James is suffering a toothache, symbolic of the festering wounds of racism, he and his mother take the bus into Bayonne to see a dentist. It suggests at first the bleak mood of the story but also hints at hope in the future. The student, or the boy, is somewhat out of place in this story, but was certainly not out of place at the time the story was written. Summarizes Bloodline, noting of the work: The five stories in [this] collection demonstrate their excellence in two ways; they are human storiesmoving, humorous, ironic; and they are symbolicwhich tradition tells us is a quality of great literature.. View Cart . SHORT STORY TEST! The sky is gray. From henceforth, Jamess own long day will be comprised of this struggle between black blood and white blood within a cerebral sky of graya terrifying and chilling confrontation with ones own senses and sensibilities. But if one decides to read the story as a more complex critique, not of racial relations, but of the valueand the costof dignity, one sees that even as an eight-year-old James understands her, Octavia is an interesting, fully-realized character. Taking what she hasher pride and her povertyshe moves toward her goal of inculcating in James a sense of independence and dignity in self undeterred by offers of kindness and generosity. The sky is gray, the clouds are low and the dark waves are hiding their power under a more neutral appearance. songplace. Unfortunately, I was born too late to believe in your God. For example, in Ernest Gaines Valerie Babb writes: Unable to buy food because of their poverty, and forbidden to enter the warm shelters in the area of the dentists office because of their color, they become rambling outcasts in a society in which the whim of any white is empowered to affect their destiny. . Through the stories of the many fascinating people who touch Jane's life, Gaines presents not only a moving perspective on the struggles of African Americans but also a social history of the United States since the Civil War. Mama tries to teach James that he is the man of the family now. ostreet9 Plus. It is not possible, within the scope of this essay, to survey all of Gainess works, or to make more than a cursory pass through The Sky is Gray. It is also not possible, in a discussion of what Im calling moral readings, to avoid some necessary oversimplifications of the complex issues surrounding and clouding the idea of race. ." For Babb, Octavias intention is to teach her son a valuable lesson in pride and survival, but she doesnt interrogate the relationship between pride and survival, preferring tacitly to assume that her readers will infer a necessary relationship between the two where none in fact exists. The Sky is Gray by Ernest J. Gaines is a short story set during World War 11 and is focused on a poor African American Family's struggles. Can I get a job tomorrow? On the other, he is one of only two sympathetic white characters in Gainess story (Helena is the other). James tries to keep silent about his tooth not out of fear, but because he knows how expensive it will be to have a dentist pull it. But she is important for another reason besides her human decency: it is paradoxically her kind gesture that represents the greatest potential threat to Jamess manhood, at least in his mothers eyes. Here, hiding her true feelings and motives, she makes use of the technique of masking and teaches her son a valuable lesson in pride and survival. Clearly, if the environment in which they found themselves was as dangerous as Babb suggests, with every white potentially disposed to do harm, Octavias lesson would be the worst example she could possibly give James, setting him up at some future date for a prideful miscalculation whose outcome could be fatal. Though her family is clearly poor, it is evident that they have learned to function within the constraints of their poverty. But instead, Gaines allows James to tell his story in his own words. [Instrumental Bridge] [Verse 3] I've got a bad feeling. In 19, Writer, educator Lets hope that the ones who come after will have your faithif not in your God, then in something else, something definitely that they can lean on. What is the allegorical meaning of the student turning the other cheek when the preacher hits him? For Further Study In 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated in New York and outbreaks of anti-black violence occurred in Selma, Alabama, including Ku Klux Klan shootings and Martin Luther King leading a procession of 4,000 in a protest march from Selma to Montgomery. Just as the clouds clear after a storm, James finds out on his trip to Bayonne that the stormy clouds that are his life are parting to let some sunshine through. Consequently, in attempting to communicate with the community, he feels frustration, which reinforces his belief in his own isolation. . The reader only sees a small part of this process, a few hours one morning, a few more that afternoon, but these hours are important: they form some of the bedrock upon which the foundation of Jamess manhoodhis sense of personal dignity and worth, as well as courage and silence in difficultywill be built. For example, the road in this story is very gray: "It's a long old road, and far's you can see you don't see nothing but gravel," as James put it. ", Hermosa historia lacual te hace pensar todo y te deja viendo diferentes realidades. With all of these facets, why would Gaines end the story with this quest unfinished? 4, June, 1991, pp. 3, Fall, 1984, pp. It suggests at first the bleak mood of the story but also hints at hope in the future. The Sky is Gray is fundamentally a story about the process of coming of age, of going from one state to another. $18.75 + $3.99 shipping. "The Sky is Gray.". The fact that neither story offers a resolution to the underlying conflict apparent in the situations is indicative of the contemporary nature of the issue which Gaines raises. In short, what is. James, the narrator in Ernest Gaines' "The Sky is Gray" is an eight-year-old African American male who is still a child but being the oldest male in the household he faces more responsibility than a normal young boy would. Gaines creates these moments with sufficient force and clarity both to explain his protagonists past and to anticipate his future. Doing. Nor is it likely a coincidence that I . Next, James discovers that the dentists colored waiting-room is a place of intensified vocality and aurality, where patients are hollering like pigs under a gate and where all round the room people are talking. Though he would no doubt take issue with the South being described as a singular place and would certainly argue that it is many places, each different, each having unique gifts of nature and people, each facing unique challenges, he would just as surely agree with W. E. B. Only slightly less prominent than the theme of Civil Rights is class inequality. Du Boiss famous observation, in the Forethought of The Souls of Black Folk, that the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line, for it is this color line in all of its manifestations that his work so carefully documents. I wouldn't turn down bright colors either. The force implicit in the story is Octavias individualism, which threatens to deprive James of membership in the human community. Me, I don't listen to my heart. Gates, Henry L, and Nellie Y. McKay. Lowe, John., editor. The community, presumably, offers no such model. The sky is Gray. Helena tries to give them a larger piece, but Jamess mother insists on an accurate measure. His father left his mother when Gaines was a small boy, forcing his mother to move to New Orleans to find work. THE SKY IS GRAY by Ernest J. Gaines, 1968. The Sky is Gray is a heartbreaking story of James and his Mama. Critical Reflections on the Fiction of Ernest J. Gaines, Athens: Georgia University Press, 1994. The title of the piece hints to the general dreariness which lingers throughout the story. Well, if I cant, to hell with it. Babb, Valerie Melissa. As we discussed Ernest J. Gaines's "The Sky is Gray" during the NEH Summer Institute a couple of weeks ago, one of the participants, Dianna Shank, pointed out the ambivalent use of the pronoun "they" throughout the text.At first, this did not necessarily strike me as anything warranting further exploration since the narrative comes to us from the point of view of an eight-year-old boy. "- [] And as long as you listen to what your heart tells you, you will have only what the white man gives you and nothing more. It is through Jamess eyes that the story is told; consequently, the story is heavily filtered through his sensibilities. Investigate the relationship between the Civil Rights movement in America and the anti-Apartheid movement in Africa. Try refreshing this page.If the problem persists, contact our support contact our support And the sky is gray, the sky is gray Ah, hah But that don't mean little brother that you Have to feel the same way Look the sky is cryin' see the Tear rollin' down on the ground Down on the ground Ah, hah but that don't mean little brother That your life can't turn around Cover up your body but the cold Steady rubbin' on your skin Rubbin' on . 29 terms. Although her relationship with this absent husband is only briefly mentioned, one senses in her attitude and behavior that his departure left her vulnerable. From a larger, more global viewpoint, these motions support and underscore Jamess own transformation. James, who begins the story as a boy more conscious of his feelings and inner life than of the world in which he lives, moves far along the path toward understanding the moral complexity. Thats the thing. In the communal microcosm of the doctors office he represents the defiance, the nonviolent non-cooperation of the Civil Rights movement that would sweep through the South thirty years later. As they ride in the back of the bus reserved for blacks and walk the streets of . In Ernest J. Gaines "The Sky Is Gray", Octavia finds out the hard way. Print. Though the events in this story take place well before what is commonly called the Civil Rights era, one cannot read The Sky is Gray without a keen awareness that the writer is writing at the historical moment during which the Civil Rights movement exploded onto the national stage and that, surprisingly, given this context, the story somehow manages to describe but not to overplay the protagonists suffering in terms of prejudice and inequality. With more than an hour to go before the doctors office will reopen and sleet starting to fall, Jamess mother decides to spend their bus money on something to eat and walk home. What exemplifies the American national narrative in the story "The Sky is Gray" by Ernest J. Gaines? He responds to the emotional intent of the act. Drama - From Ernest J. Gaines, author of "The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman," comes a deceptively simple, yet emotionally complex tale of a young boy's discovery of what it's like to be black in Louisiana during the 1940's. James, the boy in question, has a raging toothache that necessitates a trip to the dentist. This poor, Negro boy, James, lives with his mother and five other relatives while his father is away. In the following essay, Kippen explores the implications of a moral reading of Gainess The Sky is Gray., Though Gainess works invite a wide number of readings, almost all current criticism can be divided into one of two broad categories: race-centered criticism, concerned primarily with the storys instructive value about such things as prejudice and injustice, and structural criticism, which describes the parts of the story and their relation to the whole in formal, rather than thematic, terms. The Sky is Gray is told entirely from the point of view of the eight-year old narrator, James. Sometimes itd stop long enough to let me get little rest. with superstition. "The Sky is Gray They are struggling for survival after James' father is taken in the army. Short Stories for Students. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Publication date 1979 Topics Feature films, Feature films, Short Stories., Blacks. Awesome bookit wraps within the narrative so many layers of the black's struggle in America, their historymakes the reader think and feel for the characters, as such engaged with their livesgave me goosebumps!! Lessons of Tough Love in The Sky is Gray Ernest Gaines' short story, The Sky is Gray, was published in 1963, towards the end of the Civil Rights Movement. Gaines is best-known for his novel, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, published in 1971 and adapted into a television movie starring Cicely Tyson in 1974. However, his indirect discovery that the community is no longer capable of defining his individual responsibility to his family is potentially important both for him and for Sonny. In 1964, for example, Zanzibar and Tanganyika came together to form Tanzania, expelling a sultinate, while Zambia was formed out of Northern Rhodesias ashes by Kenneth Kaunda the same year that Kenya became a republic under Jomo Kenyatta. He just reads in his book. In 1968, the same year that Gainess Bloodline was published, Reverend Martin Luther King himself was assassinated in a Memphis hotel. Dependency on the philanthropy and good will of others leads to vulnerability when that support is no longer forthcoming. It also refers to the complexity of the time in which James's character livesthe mid- to late-1950s or early-1960sand how previous values will no longer hold as the South shifts toward modernity. His publication record is not extensive, but his works have been well received. Where The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman gives us a grand, sweeping epic of a black woman and her slave community, "The Sky Is Gray" zeroes in on a moment in time, one crucial afternoon in a black child's development. Her alternative, however, creates an atmosphere which, for James, is potentially equal in the dangers it poses. Eventually they are stopped by an old white lady named Helena who has watched them each time they passed by. They are unwilling, or unable, to follow his line of reasoning, for to accept that the signification of green or black has no intrinsic relationship to a Platonic ideal of green or black, but signifies by consensus only, comes perilously close to accepting that the other words about which the young man seems to care even more than Godfreedom and libertyare empty of meaning unless they signify the same thing to speakers both black and white. Characters It is also clear that race, racial injustice, the years of segregation, and the particular way these things play themselves out in rural Louisiana are central to Gainess writing and therefore are central to understanding his works. The Sky Is Gray Photos View All Photos Movie Info. After a long walk, they finally arrive at the dentists office, which is already full of people waiting to be treated. It is through these kinds of moderating forces in James environment that Gaines sees his salvation. The source of Jamess isolation is his mother Octavia, who moves through the world of the story with a calm and control which always seem on the verge of eruption. As the argument between the student and minister in the dentists office clearly illustrates, there is a racial dimension present in the story. On the other hand, the student maintains a defensible position, but his egotistical stance exposes his feelings of alienation from his community. What might be complex, three-dimensional people with equally complex motivations threaten to become two-dimensional caricatures with obscure, even uninteresting motivations when seen through the eyes of a child. The bus arrives and, while his mother pays, James moves to the back of the bus, where the blacks are made to sit. Sets found in the same folder "If The Sky is Gray" by Ernest Gaines. Dollar and a half to have it pulled. Conversations with Ernest Gaines, Mississippi: Mississippi University Press, 1995. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/sky-gray. 18, No. It is a testimony to Gaines's skill as a writer and storyteller that many people believe Jane Pittman was a real person. Kept completely offstage except for his terrifying effect on Little John Lee, who screams bloody murder on receipt of his dental ministrations, Dr. Basset exists in the narrative not for what he is, but for what he isntDr. It is because of his absence that Octavias moral teachings are both so important and so urgently imparted. With nowhere to go, and no money to buy anything, James and his mother have no choice but to walk, aimlessly, until the doctors office opens again. Other Sellers on Amazon. The Sky Is Gray by Ernest J. Gaines is a poignant and thought-provoking short story about a young African American boy named James, who lives in rural Louisiana with his mother and grandmother during the mid-20th century. They are struggling for survival after James' father is taken in the army. Plot Summary jakeszalat Plus "If The Sky is Gray" by Ernest Gaines. Houston Community College English 1301 Professor Hinchen-Bryan "The Sky is Gray" Discussion Questions Directions: Type your answer to the following questions on this sheet in a different color and submit it canvas by Saturday, October 30, 2021 by 11:59 p.m. 1. Although her primary goal is to project a model of strength for James through her own actions, her inability to make her sense of the world comprehensible to him leaves James vulnerable to the very forces from which she would shield him. The purpose of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body, and nothing else. Jamess absent father is serving the country, which expects its African-American citizens to fight for freedom abroad while it denies them those same freedoms at home. Critics have been kind to Gaines, but his reputation has not risen with such meteoric speed as have the reputations of some of the other contemporary black writers of his generation. The overarching theme in this story is change and transformation. Alnests wife, Helena is the storys other sympathetic white figure. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. My heart tells me, the boy says. Sora Ga Haiiro Dakara summary: A collection of short stories. two young boys, the resolution of the conflict resides with their parents. For example, he believes that Catholic and non-Catholic prayers heal differently, but one suspects that the distinction between the two would be lost on the clergy of both Catholic and Protestant faiths. In response, later that year, 200,000 Americans, black and white, joined together in a freedom march on Washington to demonstrate. 14, April 5, 1971, pp. With James' toothache at the central point of the plot, the story takes us through the obstacles this black family faces in terms of safety, racism, hunger, cold and money. While many argue that the difference between races is less substantive than the difference between the classes, class inequality clearly takes a back seat to racial inequality in Gainess fiction. This is puzzling, because a childs perspective is considerably narrower than an adults. While gray literally represents the harmonious blending of black and white, its use in the story to describe the sky before a brewing storm symbolizes a potentially destructive force. Later, the whole family is at hand when Octavia and Jamess aunt count out the cost of a trip to the dentist: She say: enough to get there and get back. 1. [Chorus 1: Barry McQuire, The Mamas & The Papas] All the leaves are brown (All the leaves are brown) And the sky is gray (And the sky is gray) I've been for a walk (I've been for a walk) On a winter's day (On a winter's day) I'd be safe and warm (I'd be safe and warm) If I was in L.A (If I was in L.A.) California dreamin' (California dreamin') On such a winter's day [Verse: Barry McQuire, The . He states that Gaines was shockingly underrated at the beginning of his career. ''The Sky is Gray'' is fundamentally a story about the process of coming of age, of going from one state to another. You have remained in right site to start getting this info. [Chorus 2] All the leaves are brown (All the leaves are brown) And the sky is gray (And the sky is gray) I've been for a walk (I've been for a walk) On a winter's day (On a winter's day) If I didn't tell her (If I didn't tell her) I could leave today (I could leave today) California dreamin' (California dreamin') On such a winter's day (California dreamin') On such a winter's day, (California . In this case, consciousness raising of blacks should not lead to an alienation from the community as it has for the student and Octavia; it should provide the basis for bettering the community. The Sky Is Gray Analysis. There is fear that his family might not have enough wood to keep them warm, but a new concern of a toothache has come about and now how will they have enough money to pay the dentist. The title of the story "The Sky is Gray" by Ernest Gaines is ironic. The drawback to what Ill call, for lack of a better term, race-based readings may not be immediately obvious, but isnt terribly complicated. Not surprisingly, the lions share of critiques fall into the first camp, and even the structural readings include didactic (instructive) digressions in almost every case. That work, like the five stories constituting Bloodline (1968) before it . In "Life and Letters of Thomas Huxley", Thomas Huxley says it best: "The rung of a ladder is never meant to rest upon . In physical terms, there is motion from one pole to its opposite: from warm, to cold, to warm again; from beyond the outskirts of Bayonne to the city and back again; from the doctor's office to the street, and to the office again, and so on. 28 terms. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The argument between the men focuses on the existence of God. "The Sky is Gray"contains many of the themes and images Gaines returns to again and again in his work: themes of personal responsibility, grace under pressure, and moral behavior; images of strong mothers, mysteriously absent fathers, and families in which love is expressed more often in harsh words or silence than in overt praise or affection. And by the end of the story, the reader does indeed sense that there has been some change to who James is in that short span, a sense reinforced by his mothers assertion that he is not a bum, but a man. It also involves the problem of integrating the individual and the community in a mutually rewarding relationship in the face of dehumanizing individualistic forces. XIX, No. By recording and preserving his peoples culture in his literature, Gaines creates both an ongoing memorial to a vanishing way of life and an enduring testament to human concerns., Marcia Gaudet and Carl Wooton share many of Babbs observations, particularly with regard to the importance of dignity under strain and courage. The dramatic conflict endemic to the stories in Bloodline arises out of the efforts of various characters to reconcile their individual needs with community prerequisites. His writings reproduce the communal nature of storytelling in his rural parish while accenting the historicity that joins members of the African-American diaspora to larger American society. Purpose of the piece hints to the general dreariness which lingers throughout the,. Before it and minister in the face of dehumanizing individualistic forces other,... Family is clearly poor, Negro boy, James, lives with his mother and five other while. 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