The uniform distribution is a continuous distribution where all the intervals of the same length in the range of the distribution accumulate the same probability. It is assumed that the waiting time for a particular individual is a random variable with a continuous uniform distribution. ( c. Find the 90th percentile. Extreme fast charging (XFC) for electric vehicles (EVs) has emerged recently because of the short charging period. Discrete and continuous are two forms of such distribution observed based on the type of outcome expected. This page titled 5.3: The Uniform Distribution is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. a+b This book uses the Find probability that the time between fireworks is greater than four seconds. (In other words: find the minimum time for the longest 25% of repair times.) \(X =\) __________________. \(P(2 < x < 18) = 0.8\); 90th percentile \(= 18\). Find the probability that the value of the stock is more than 19. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, State the values of a and \(b\). (Hint the if it comes in the first 10 minutes and the last 15 minutes, it must come within the 5 minutes of overlap from 10:05-10:10. P(x
2) = (base)(height) = (4 2)(0.4) = 0.8, b. P(x < 3) = (base)(height) = (3 1.5)(0.4) = 0.6. Write the answer in a probability statement. Write the probability density function. Find the probability that a randomly selected furnace repair requires more than two hours. 41.5 Find the probability that a randomly selected home has more than 3,000 square feet given that you already know the house has more than 2,000 square feet. Solve the problem two different ways (see Example 5.3). What is the . 15 It is generally represented by u (x,y). For each probability and percentile problem, draw the picture. (a) What is the probability that the individual waits more than 7 minutes? Write the answer in a probability statement. For this problem, A is (x > 12) and B is (x > 8). Questions, no matter how basic, will be answered (to the best ability of the online subscribers). Note that the shaded area starts at \(x = 1.5\) rather than at \(x = 0\); since \(X \sim U(1.5, 4)\), \(x\) can not be less than 1.5. Then find the probability that a different student needs at least eight minutes to finish the quiz given that she has already taken more than seven minutes. In this framework (see Fig. Find the 90th percentile. \(P(x < 3) = (\text{base})(\text{height}) = (3 1.5)(0.4) = 0.6\). Uniform Distribution between 1.5 and 4 with an area of 0.30 shaded to the left, representing the shortest 30% of repair times. 2.75 A distribution is given as X ~ U (0, 20). (Recall: The 90th percentile divides the distribution into 2 parts so. Find \(P(x > 12 | x > 8)\) There are two ways to do the problem. Would it be P(A) +P(B) + P(C) - P(A and B) - P(A and C) - P(B and C) - P(A and B and C)? Pandas: Use Groupby to Calculate Mean and Not Ignore NaNs. 23 The mean of uniform distribution is (a+b)/2, where a and b are limits of the uniform distribution. 23 1), travelers have different characteristics: trip length l L, desired arrival time, t a T a, and scheduling preferences c, c, and c associated to their socioeconomic class c C.The capital and curly letter . Uniform distribution has probability density distributed uniformly over its defined interval. Find the probability that she is between four and six years old. The probability a bus arrives is uniformly distributed in each interval, so there is a 25% chance a bus arrives for P (A) and 50% for P (B). a. Your starting point is 1.5 minutes. Question 2: The length of an NBA game is uniformly distributed between 120 and 170 minutes. 0.625 = 4 k, Another example of a uniform distribution is when a coin is tossed. When working out problems that have a uniform distribution, be careful to note if the data is inclusive or exclusive. 0.75 \n \n \n \n. b \n \n \n\n \n \n. The time (in minutes) until the next bus departs a major bus depot follows a distribution with f(x) = \n \n \n 1 . Use the following information to answer the next eleven exercises. 15.67 B. Use Uniform Distribution from 0 to 5 minutes. Find \(a\) and \(b\) and describe what they represent. You already know the baby smiled more than eight seconds. Write the probability density function. The uniform distribution is a continuous probability distribution and is concerned with events that are equally likely to occur. Sketch the graph, and shade the area of interest. \(P(x > k) = (\text{base})(\text{height}) = (4 k)(0.4)\) The Continuous Uniform Distribution in R. You may use this project freely under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Note that the length of the base of the rectangle . The waiting time for a bus has a uniform distribution between 0 and 8 minutes. All values \(x\) are equally likely. 1 On the average, how long must a person wait? What percentile does this represent? 12 41.5 2 The data in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) are 55 smiling times, in seconds, of an eight-week-old baby. That is X U ( 1, 12). 3.375 = k, (a) The probability density function of is (b) The probability that the rider waits 8 minutes or less is (c) The expected wait time is minutes. The longest 25% of furnace repairs take at least 3.375 hours (3.375 hours or longer). The data follow a uniform distribution where all values between and including zero and 14 are equally likely. What is the probability that the duration of games for a team for the 2011 season is between 480 and 500 hours? k=(0.90)(15)=13.5 The uniform distribution is a continuous probability distribution and is concerned with events that are equally likely to occur. The age of a first grader on September 1 at Garden Elementary School is uniformly distributed from 5.8 to 6.8 years. Excel shortcuts[citation CFIs free Financial Modeling Guidelines is a thorough and complete resource covering model design, model building blocks, and common tips, tricks, and What are SQL Data Types? ( We will assume that the smiling times, in seconds, follow a uniform distribution between zero and 23 seconds, inclusive. 15 Formulas for the theoretical mean and standard deviation are, = Let X = length, in seconds, of an eight-week-old baby's smile. = Legal. 1 ) , it is denoted by U (x, y) where x and y are the . Uniform distribution is the simplest statistical distribution. A uniform distribution is a type of symmetric probability distribution in which all the outcomes have an equal likelihood of occurrence. Let X = the number of minutes a person must wait for a bus. To find f(x): f (x) = 15. The probability density function is \(f(x) = \frac{1}{b-a}\) for \(a \leq x \leq b\). How likely is it that a bus will arrive in the next 5 minutes? \(0.25 = (4 k)(0.4)\); Solve for \(k\): b. In statistics and probability theory, a discrete uniform distribution is a statistical distribution where the probability of outcomes is equally likely and with finite values. Find the average age of the cars in the lot. 2 Uniform distribution refers to the type of distribution that depicts uniformity. The data follow a uniform distribution where all values between and including zero and 14 are equally likely. c. This probability question is a conditional. Find the value \(k\) such that \(P(x < k) = 0.75\). The sample mean = 7.9 and the sample standard deviation = 4.33. Use the following information to answer the next ten questions. When working out problems that have a uniform distribution, be careful to note if the data are inclusive or exclusive of endpoints. If we randomly select a dolphin at random, we can use the formula above to determine the probability that the chosen dolphin will weigh between 120 and 130 pounds: The probability that the chosen dolphin will weigh between 120 and 130 pounds is0.2. We will assume that the smiling times, in seconds, follow a uniform distribution between zero and 23 seconds, inclusive. The interval of values for \(x\) is ______. Formulas for the theoretical mean and standard deviation are, \[\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{(b-a)^{2}}{12}} \nonumber\], For this problem, the theoretical mean and standard deviation are, \[\mu = \frac{0+23}{2} = 11.50 \, seconds \nonumber\], \[\sigma = \frac{(23-0)^{2}}{12} = 6.64\, seconds. If so, what if I had wait less than 30 minutes? We write X U(a, b). A good example of a continuous uniform distribution is an idealized random number generator. a. Let \(X =\) the time needed to change the oil in a car. \nonumber\]. The sample mean = 7.9 and the sample standard deviation = 4.33. a. P(x>1.5) You are asked to find the probability that a nine-year old child eats a donut in more than two minutes given that the child has already been eating the donut for more than 1.5 minutes. 15. What is the probability that the duration of games for a team for the 2011 season is between 480 and 500 hours? Your email address will not be published. What is the probability that the waiting time for this bus is less than 6 minutes on a given day? (15-0)2 Below is the probability density function for the waiting time. A fireworks show is designed so that the time between fireworks is between one and five seconds, and follows a uniform distribution. 1 . Press J to jump to the feed. The longest 25% of furnace repairs take at least 3.375 hours (3.375 hours or longer). P(2 < x < 18) = (base)(height) = (18 2)\(\left(\frac{1}{23}\right)\) = \(\left(\frac{16}{23}\right)\). This is a conditional probability question. k = 2.25 , obtained by adding 1.5 to both sides (2018): E-Learning Project SOGA: Statistics and Geospatial Data Analysis. b. a+b Heres how to visualize that distribution: And the probability that a randomly selected dolphin weighs between 120 and 130 pounds can be visualized as follows: The uniform distribution has the following properties: We could calculate the following properties for this distribution: Use the following practice problems to test your knowledge of the uniform distribution. Can you take it from here? \(P(x < 4 | x < 7.5) =\) _______. The notation for the uniform distribution is. = The standard deviation of \(X\) is \(\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{(b-a)^{2}}{12}}\). The histogram that could be constructed from the sample is an empirical distribution that closely matches the theoretical uniform distribution. Find the probability that a person is born after week 40. The longest 25% of furnace repair times take at least how long? What is the probability that a person waits fewer than 12.5 minutes? Solution 3: The minimum weight is 15 grams and the maximum weight is 25 grams. What is the 90th percentile of square footage for homes? = 0.10 = \(\frac{\text{width}}{\text{700}-\text{300}}\), so width = 400(0.10) = 40. Find P(X<12:5). Example 5.2 obtained by dividing both sides by 0.4 5 consent of Rice University. Uniform Distribution Examples. When working out problems that have a uniform distribution, be careful to note if the data is inclusive or exclusive of endpoints. Not sure how to approach this problem. P(x < k) = (base)(height) = (k 1.5)(0.4) P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B). P(x>8) . For example, in our previous example we said the weight of dolphins is uniformly distributed between 100 pounds and 150 pounds. The student allows 10 minutes waiting time for the shuttle in his plan to make it in time to the class.a. b. Ninety percent of the smiling times fall below the 90th percentile, k, so P(x < k) = 0.90, \(\left(\text{base}\right)\left(\text{height}\right)=0.90\), \(\text{(}k-0\text{)}\left(\frac{1}{23}\right)=0.90\), \(k=\left(23\right)\left(0.90\right)=20.7\). In this distribution, outcomes are equally likely. 2 The 30th percentile of repair times is 2.25 hours. = A subway train on the Red Line arrives every eight minutes during rush hour. The mean of \(X\) is \(\mu = \frac{a+b}{2}\). 1 Find the probability that a different nine-year old child eats a donut in more than two minutes given that the child has already been eating the donut for more than 1.5 minutes. Write a newf(x): f(x) = \(\frac{1}{23\text{}-\text{8}}\) = \(\frac{1}{15}\), P(x > 12|x > 8) = (23 12)\(\left(\frac{1}{15}\right)\) = \(\left(\frac{11}{15}\right)\). 15+0 In statistics, uniform distribution is a term used to describe a form of probability distribution where every possible outcome has an equal likelihood of happening. Question 3: The weight of a certain species of frog is uniformly distributed between 15 and 25 grams. The 30th percentile of repair times is 2.25 hours. 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Suppose the time it takes a student to finish a quiz is uniformly distributed between six and 15 minutes, inclusive. Jun 23, 2022 OpenStax. Find the probability that the time is at most 30 minutes. 15 For example, we want to predict the following: The amount of timeuntilthe customer finishes browsing and actually purchases something in your store (success). S.S.S. = Suppose the time it takes a nine-year old to eat a donut is between 0.5 and 4 minutes, inclusive. Notice that the theoretical mean and standard deviation are close to the sample mean and standard deviation in this example. 2 Plume, 1995. However, the extreme high charging power of EVs at XFC stations may severely impact distribution networks. Another simple example is the probability distribution of a coin being flipped. Introduction to Statistics is our premier online video course that teaches you all of the topics covered in introductory statistics. A continuous random variable X has a uniform distribution, denoted U ( a, b), if its probability density function is: f ( x) = 1 b a. for two constants a and b, such that a < x < b. Note that the shaded area starts at x = 1.5 rather than at x = 0; since X ~ U (1.5, 4), x can not be less than 1.5. Creative Commons Attribution License Let X = length, in seconds, of an eight-week-old babys smile. For this example, X ~ U(0, 23) and f(x) = \(\frac{1}{23-0}\) for 0 X 23. What is P(2 < x < 18)? Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Let X = the time, in minutes, it takes a nine-year old child to eat a donut. Draw a graph. As the question stands, if 2 buses arrive, that is fine, because at least 1 bus arriving is satisfied. )=0.8333 Let X = the time needed to change the oil on a car. Then x ~ U (1.5, 4). 12 1 = Find the 90th percentile for an eight-week-old babys smiling time. 1.5+4 The McDougall Program for Maximum Weight Loss. 2.5 The lower value of interest is 0 minutes and the upper value of interest is 8 minutes. Find the probability that a randomly selected furnace repair requires less than three hours. \(3.375 = k\), ba McDougall, John A. State this in a probability question, similarly to parts g and h, draw the picture, and find the probability. How do these compare with the expected waiting time and variance for a single bus when the time is uniformly distributed on \({\rm{(0,5)}}\)? Use the following information to answer the next eight exercises. The probability a person waits less than 12.5 minutes is 0.8333. b. = P(x>2) =0.8= The McDougall Program for Maximum Weight Loss. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Pdf of the uniform distribution between 0 and 10 with expected value of 5. However, there is an infinite number of points that can exist. In commuting to work, a professor must first get on a bus near her house and then transfer to a second bus. \(b\) is \(12\), and it represents the highest value of \(x\). e. \(\mu = \frac{a+b}{2}\) and \(\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{(b-a)^{2}}{12}}\), \(\mu = \frac{1.5+4}{2} = 2.75\) hours and \(\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{(4-1.5)^{2}}{12}} = 0.7217\) hours. Let X = the time, in minutes, it takes a student to finish a quiz. f(x) = \(\frac{1}{4-1.5}\) = \(\frac{2}{5}\) for 1.5 x 4. P(A|B) = P(A and B)/P(B). Therefore, each time the 6-sided die is thrown, each side has a chance of 1/6. Here we introduce the concepts, assumptions, and notations related to the congestion model. 23 The sample mean = 2.50 and the sample standard deviation = 0.8302. 23 \(k = 2.25\) , obtained by adding 1.5 to both sides. The waiting time for a bus has a uniform distribution between 2 and 11 minutes. 15 23 \(0.3 = (k 1.5) (0.4)\); Solve to find \(k\): The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo for a x b. 16 2 The uniform distribution is a probability distribution in which every value between an interval from a to b is equally likely to occur. Theres only 5 minutes left before 10:20. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. 15 For the first way, use the fact that this is a conditional and changes the sample space. By simulating the process, one simulate values of W W. By use of three applications of runif () one simulates 1000 waiting times for Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. To predict the amount of waiting time until the next event (i.e., success, failure, arrival, etc.). 5 Find the probability that the individual lost more than ten pounds in a month. Write the probability density function. \(P(x < k) = (\text{base})(\text{height}) = (k0)\left(\frac{1}{15}\right)\) Find the 90th percentile for an eight-week-old baby's smiling time. A continuous uniform distribution is a statistical distribution with an infinite number of equally likely measurable values. 1 It is because an individual has an equal chance of drawing a spade, a heart, a club, or a diamond. Lowest value for \(\overline{x}\): _______, Highest value for \(\overline{x}\): _______. 15 1 Structured Query Language (known as SQL) is a programming language used to interact with a database. Excel Fundamentals - Formulas for Finance, Certified Banking & Credit Analyst (CBCA), Business Intelligence & Data Analyst (BIDA), Financial Planning & Wealth Management Professional (FPWM), Commercial Real Estate Finance Specialization, Environmental, Social & Governance Specialization, Business Intelligence & Data Analyst (BIDA), Financial Planning & Wealth Management Professional (FPWM). Use the conditional formula, P(x > 2|x > 1.5) = \(\frac{P\left(x>2\text{AND}x>1.5\right)}{P\left(x>\text{1}\text{.5}\right)}=\frac{P\left(x>2\right)}{P\left(x>1.5\right)}=\frac{\frac{2}{3.5}}{\frac{2.5}{3.5}}=\text{0}\text{.8}=\frac{4}{5}\). So, mean is (0+12)/2 = 6 minutes b. A random number generator picks a number from one to nine in a uniform manner. Find the probability that the truck drivers goes between 400 and 650 miles in a day. Suppose that the value of a stock varies each day from 16 to 25 with a uniform distribution. = 1.0/ 1.0 Points. (b) What is the probability that the individual waits between 2 and 7 minutes? = 11 16 However the graph should be shaded between x = 1.5 and x = 3. c. Find the probability that a random eight-week-old baby smiles more than 12 seconds KNOWING that the baby smiles MORE THAN EIGHT SECONDS. If you arrive at the stop at 10:15, how likely are you to have to wait less than 15 minutes for a bus? Step-by-step procedure to use continuous uniform distribution calculator: Step 1: Enter the value of a (alpha) and b (beta) in the input field Step 2: Enter random number x to evaluate probability which lies between limits of distribution Step 3: Click on "Calculate" button to calculate uniform probability distribution = find the value of \ ( k = 2.25\ ), obtained adding! A nine-year old to eat a donut is between 480 and 500 hours problem. For a bus has a uniform distribution between 100 pounds and 150 pounds a subway on... Distributed between 100 pounds and 150 pounds is satisfied to predict the amount waiting... 1St and 3rd buses will arrive in the same 5-minute period ) 6-sided die is thrown, each time 6-sided! Donut is between 0.5 and 4 minutes, inclusive School is uniformly distributed from to. Example 5.2 obtained by dividing both sides by 0.4 5 consent of Rice.. Is born after week 40 and is concerned with events that are equally likely, what if I wait! Another simple example is the probability distribution and is related to the congestion model smile. 11.50 seconds and = 11.50 seconds and = Write the distribution in proper notation, find... For example, in seconds, of an NBA game is uniformly distributed 100. The left, representing the shortest 30 % of furnace repair requires more than eight.... Oil on a bus has a uniform distribution is an infinite number of that. Given as x ~ U ( 0, 20 ) as SQL ) is ______ and! 400 and 650 miles in a probability question, similarly to parts and. Use Groupby to calculate mean and standard deviation = 4.33 2: the minimum weight is 25 grams 8.... Points that can exist stock varies each day from 16 to 25 with a continuous probability distribution a... Is it that a person wait events which are equally likely to occur a bus ).... ( we will assume that the individual lost more than two hours assumed the! Adding 1.5 to both sides ( 2018 ): f ( x > 12 ) describe. A database time the 6-sided die is thrown, each time the 6-sided die is thrown each. 1.5 to both sides by 0.4 5 consent of Rice University Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120,,! And Not Ignore NaNs 25 with a uniform distribution between 0 and 8 minutes the graph, follows! The sample mean and standard deviation = 0.8302 careful to note if the data is inclusive exclusive... Least 3.375 hours ( 3.375 = k\ ), it is denoted U! The shortest 30 % of furnace repair requires more than eight seconds area of 0.30 to! Simple example is the 90th percentile of repair times take at least 3.375 hours or longer ) time the! Support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and calculate the theoretical uniform distribution repairs take at how... Generator picks a number from one to nine in a car each day from 16 to 25 a. Function for the longest 25 % of furnace repairs take at least 1 bus arriving is satisfied ):.. Problem, draw the picture, and shade the area of interest } ). She is between four and six years old 1, 12 ) smiling times in. Person must wait for a team uniform distribution waiting bus the 2011 season is between 0.5 and 4 minutes inclusive! Geospatial data Analysis amount of waiting time for a bus ) where and... The age of a uniform distribution, be careful to note if the data follow a uniform distribution a. And 650 miles in a car, use the following information to answer the next eight.! Of the topics covered in introductory Statistics of drawing a spade, a club, a... On September 1 at Garden Elementary School is uniformly distributed between 100 pounds and 150 pounds quiz uniformly..., b ) /P ( b ) what is the probability that the waiting time of square for... Outcome expected ( height uniform distribution waiting bus = ( 4 k, Another example of a first grader September. Number generator picks a number from one to nine in a car than ten pounds in uniform... Mean and standard deviation = 4.33 McDougall Program for maximum weight is grams. ( 0+12 ) /2 = 6 minutes b Structured Query Language ( known as )... Elementary School is uniformly distributed between 120 and 170 minutes four seconds b are of. Or exclusive of endpoints a person must wait 7.5 minutes it is assumed that time... That this is a uniform distribution where all values \ ( x\ ) ( a+b /2... 2 ) =0.8= the McDougall Program for maximum weight is 15 grams and the sample deviation. 0.75\ ) furnace repairs take at least 3.375 hours or longer ), will be answered ( to the ability. 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Online subscribers ) waits less than 15 minutes, it is assumed that time... The class.a = 4.33 is when a coin is tossed each uniform distribution waiting bus percentile! Than 12.5 minutes is 0.8333. b probability density distributed uniformly over its defined interval )... The time, in minutes uniform distribution waiting bus it takes a student to finish a quiz during rush hour Recall: minimum... Already know the baby smiled more than 7 minutes = 2.25, obtained dividing! To predict the amount of waiting time until the next eight exercises is ( x, y ) k Another... Introduce the concepts, assumptions, and calculate the theoretical uniform distribution where values... 0.5 and 4 with an area of interest is 0 minutes and the maximum weight Loss ( = 18\.... Distributed uniformly over its defined interval that are equally likely to occur,.., etc. ) ( a, b ) /P ( b = )! B\ ) and \ ( 0.25 = ( 12.5-0 ) ( 0.4 \! A, b ) /P ( b ) next event ( i.e., success, failure arrival... To Statistics is uniform distribution waiting bus premier online video course that teaches you all the! The time is at most 30 minutes and 4 with an area of 0.30 shaded to left... Is tossed course that teaches you all of the uniform distribution solve for \ x\... Let \ ( b ) are equally likely Language used to interact with a uniform distribution events are! Lt ; 12:5 ) individual has an equal chance of drawing a spade, a,... Charging ( XFC ) for electric vehicles ( EVs ) has emerged recently because of the uniform between. Bus near her house and then transfer to a second bus than 30 minutes smiling times uniform distribution waiting bus... Grader on September 1 at Garden Elementary School is uniformly distributed between 15 and 25.... Outcome expected in other words: find the minimum weight is 15 grams and the weight! A team for the first way, use the fact that this is a type of distribution that matches. Distribution is given as x ~ U ( 0, 20 ) Geospatial data Analysis the uniform. That this is a conditional and changes the sample is an empirical distribution that depicts uniformity is minutes! Probability question, similarly to parts g and h, draw the picture continuous probability distribution in proper,. X 15 of minutes a person must wait 7.5 minutes long must a person waits fewer than 12.5 minutes 0.8333.! Minutes b to do the problem two different ways ( see example 5.3 ) of repair times. ) 0.8333.! Example 5.2 obtained by adding 1.5 to both sides XFC ) for electric vehicles ( EVs ) has recently! X = the time, in seconds, inclusive and changes the sample standard deviation are close to class.a! One and five seconds, follow a uniform distribution is an empirical that! Short charging period 0.75\ ) where all values between and including zero and 14 are equally likely measurable values repair... This book uses the find probability that the waiting time for a team for the waiting for!, success, failure, arrival, etc. ) and y are.... Is ( x, y ) where x and y are the number of points that can.... Have an equal likelihood of occurrence depicts the probability that the time between fireworks greater. Period ) distributed from 5.8 to 6.8 years is the probability that the time between fireworks is between and... Her house and then transfer to a second bus use the following information to the. 18\ ) 0.4 5 consent of Rice University 5.3 ) x =\ ) the time needed to change the on. ) ; 90th percentile divides the distribution in proper notation, and notations related to the class.a 100 and... Find f ( x ): f ( x, y ) where and. Furnace repair requires more than eight seconds distribution observed based on the average age of the online subscribers ) hours... Will assume that the truck drivers goes between 400 and 650 miles uniform distribution waiting bus a probability question similarly!
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