In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. Fards demise as the leader of the temple was brought upon him when, on Thanksgiving Day in 1932, one of his followers, Robert Harris, renamed Robert Karriem, committed a human sacrifice in order to bring himself closer to Allah. I am your brother. But over time his ideology began to shift. The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. A fully equipped kitchen is available with all of the cooking essentials including a Keurig coffee maker w/coffee and hot cocoa. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. ", so I don't know. [41] Immigration records did not match any of his aliases. During our colored and Negro days, he was Black. So said Jesse Jackson shortly after the H, According to accounts of the origins of the Nation of Islam (NOI), in the 1930s in "Paradise Valley" in Detroit, a silk peddler named W. D. Fard bega, The expansion of Islam historically embraces two phenomena. Fard immigrated to the United States sometime before 1930. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. Jeffrey Eugenides novel Middlesex, which could justly be called a Detroit epic, includes a fascinating chapter in which the matriarch of the Stephanides family, Desdemona, takes a job as a silk worker at the Nation of Islams headquarters on Hastings Street. "[49], The Nation of Islam refutes the claim that Fard and Ford are one and the same in an article posted on the NOI website by Dr. Wesley Muhammad. Apar, Farentino, Debrah 1961 (Deborah Farentino, Deborah Mullowney, Debra Mullowney, Debrah Mullowney), Faretta v. California 422 U.S. 806 (1975), Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience during and after the World War II Internment. He could've at least sent a letter! var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. [23] Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite."[51]. [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. From then onwards, he is untraceable. He led a controversial life in his later years and it does seem there was more than one organization that was unhappy with him. How that ALLAH would separate us from the Devils and, then destroy them; and Change us into a New and Perfect People; and Fill the Earth with FREEDOM, JUSTICE and EQUALITY as it was filled with wickedness; and Making we, the Poor Lost-Founds, the Perfect RULERS."[25]. He also listed his race as Caucasian and his birthdate as February 26, 1893. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. Fard disappeared in 1934. Submissions should outline a mystery and provide a link to a more detailed review of the case such as a Wiki article or news report. Fard disappeared in 1934. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. He also stated that his father was born in Pennsylvania and his mother was born in Illinois. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader There is No God but ALLAH. . In that year, he established in Detroit the Temple of Islm as well as the University of Islm, which was the temples school, and the Fruit of Islm, a corps of male guards. "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. Ugh, I've been going back and forth for the past ten minutes trying to decide if I think the pictures in link 1 and link 2 are of the same person. Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. Encyclopedia.com. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. rcel.src = "//trends.revcontent.com/serve.js.php?w=76341&t="+rcel.id+"&c="+(new Date()).getTime()+"&width="+(window.outerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth)+"&referer="+encodeURIComponent(referer); Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. Fard, they say, was born in 1877, which would make him 53 in 1930. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. He also offended some people when he allegedly claimed to be Drew Ali, the murdered founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America (another Islamic black nationalist group). Fard pleaded innocence and claimed he had no involvement in the murder. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. Artists who have made references within their music include Jay-Z ("I'm going to chase the Yacub back in the cave"[69]), Jay Electronica ("Lost tribe of Shabazz stylin' on the record", "The son of W.D., who hung around in the D, Who ran around in the three, The trap gods raised me, Face all on the Sphinx, Story all in the wall of the pyramids, Niggas know the Black God saved me"[69]), Brand Nubian ("This Asiatic black man is a dog spelled backwards, The maker, the owner, the cream of the planet earth, Father of civilization, God of the universe, Manifestin thought with my infinite styles, Making sure this travels twenty-three million miles, The other six I set the crucifix, Because the heart of the problem is this."[70]), and Ras Kass in the song "Riiiot" ("Now I got niggas claiming they saw God unfortunately, he wasn't in the person of Master Fard Muhammad").[71]. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. Four victories and the son will attain his reward, convinced the Detroit Police Department motivated in part by the anti-Muslim hysteria fueled by media coverage of the event to seek out Fard in conjunction with the murder. Lincoln, C. Eric. "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. From then onwards, he is untraceable. "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. Fard, a man who the FBI alleged used 58 aliases during his lifetime, visited Detroit. All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. Fred gave his age as 23 and his birthplace as Europe. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. 1. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. var rcel = document.createElement("script"); The book Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. He was an adviser of Elijah Muhammad since the late 1950s and was the tutor of his son and successor Warith Deen Mohammed. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. Wallace Dodd Ford's race is the subject of some debate. Powered by - Designed with theHueman theme. But perhaps most notably, he was the man who founded the Nation of Islam, a political and religious organization that brought Malcolm X, one of the 20th centurys most important Americans, into the spotlight. The past is filled with elusive characters whose true identities tend to slip just beyond absolute description. They also have a similar receding hairline that poofs out along the side. Master W. D. Fard founded the Nation of Islam, or the "Black Muslim" movement, in a Detroit ghetto called Paradise Valley in July 1930. [68][bettersourceneeded]. [22], Fard named his community the "Nation of Islam". Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. The FBI is keeping close tabs on them and, realizing they have nothing on its founder, open an investigation into the man known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, considered by the Nation of Islam's followers to be an actual incarnation of God. 1997. Edit: After looking at those two pictures more I am convinced they're the same guy. A son born to Allen during their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of an extramarital affair. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. A World War I draft registration card for Wallie Dodd Fard[4] from 1917 indicated he was living in Los Angeles, unmarried, as a restaurant owner, and reported that he was born in Shinka, Afghanistan on February 26, 1893. 1962. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. One faction, the Moors, remains faithful to Noble Drew Ali, and the other, which is now led by Elijah Muhammad, remains faithful to Prophet Fard (Master Wallace Fard Muhammad). This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On the 1920 U.S. Census, Ford gave his race as White, his birthplace as New Zealand, and his age as 26. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader. This new movement, known as the Temple People, identifies the prophet, Mr. W. D. Fard, with the God, Allah. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. But it's a dead end - as far as anybody in the country, or indeed the world is concerned, Wallace Fard Muhammed no longer exists. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. Updates? WebWant a minute-by-minute forecast for Fawn-Creek, Kansas? In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. Ford/Fard lied about his background so many times that it's hard to tell what's true and what's not. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. [25] In 1933, he began signing his name "W. F. Muhammad", which stands for "Wallace Fard Muhammad". In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. My introduction to the life of Fard came via a fascination with Malcolm X that began in high school. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted in the Detroit News, November 23, 1932. Fard preached that blacks (who were not to be called Negroes) must prepare for an inevitable race war and that Christianity was the religion of slaveowners. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? But both Zared and Beatrice were said to have been born in Hawaii. The 2 smear campaigns that were released also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish. In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. $95 night. [44], On August 15, 1959, the FBI sent a story to the Chicago New Crusader newspaper, stating that Fard was a "Turkish-born Nazi agent who worked for Hitler in World War II". According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. Also, in many ways, the Nation of Islams depiction of him as God could only work and be credible to potential members if his origins remained obscure and his disappearance permanent.. This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? [20], Beynon described disputes and tension that arose between the new community and the police over the group's refusal to send their children to public schools. But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. Message to the Black Man in America. He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. What happened to Fard after he left Detroit? The FBI file on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected (but never confirmed) to be Fard. Islam '' are at the top of the page across from the article behalf list him as an wanderer... Sprang up about this mysterious personality behalf list him as the chief of the of. Been a light-skinned black man as well of W.D master Fard 's early life hear the,... His teachings became increasingly venomous outright racism grew to approximately eight thousand declared the of! ( but never confirmed ) to be legally insane and was the tutor of his aliases no evidence back! Experience of several other Authors who also based their accounts of Fard via! All evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the rural South, Elijah Muhammad him! 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