%PDF-1.3 These spinning columns of dirt can rise hundreds of feet in the air. Nomadic cultures are those that do not have permanent settlements. The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya mountains to the south.Polar DesertsParts of the Arctic and the Antarctic are classified as deserts. Between 1958 and 1971, the government of Egypt constructed a massive dam on the Upper Nile (the southern part of the river, near Egypts border with Sudan). The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. Precipitation amounts fluctuate widely from year to year. The desert is variously known as the Cholistan or Rohi Desert in Bahawalpur and the Pat or Thar Desert in Sindh. Populations at resorts like Palm Springs, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada, have boomed. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Question 25. Apart from the sample questions given above, candidates can check Previous Year Question Papers with solution PDF to understand the type of questions asked in the general awareness section of these examinations. It means that the land of Pakistan is different in various regions from its type. (ii) It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. We use cookies to provide our online service. Where water is available, farmers grow crops such as wheat and cotton. It is located in the southeastern part of Pakistan in the Sindh Province. :z]1I, # mbQg[r)0d&ij?0)9eD VV%g`ehv-OvOq3Q[qK"Dj+~ Whatever seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Thar-Desert, World Wildlife Fund - Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan, Academia - A study on the geology of Thar Desert. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. It is separated from the central irrigated zone of the plains by the dry bed of the Ghaggar River in Bahawalpur and the eastern Nara Canal in Sindh. It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . When they open, they also release water vapor. ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. The interior dunes of the desert are scarce in nutrients and water. The semi-arid region of the Thar Desert is called "Bagar". You cannot download interactives. The Thar Desert receives very low amount of rainfall (100 to 150 mm per year) 'Luni' is the only river in the Thar Desert. It has a total area of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of Pakistan and India. The region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes. These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and hygiene. This is called the urban heat island effect. This heavy fog drifts onto land. In February every year, a Desert Festival is conducted in the city of Jaisalmer. stream In Arabia, Australia and North Africa reach altitudes of 100 meters and lengths greater than 100 kilometers (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. In the Pakistani part of the desert, a railway line runs between Bahawalpur and Hyderabad. She or he will best know the preferred format. The oil industry draws companies, migrant workers, engineers, geologists, and biologists to the Middle East.DesertificationDesertification is the process of productive cropland turning into non-productive, desert-like environments. For miles, where the only sources of water are the rains and the haze of the early morning, you will not find more plant life. Updates? The Thar Desert The Thar Desert is one of the largest desert of Pakistan. 10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers. It has also spread into India. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. If desert communities use groundwater faster than it is replenished, water shortages can occur. Julivert, M. (2003). This project, a childhood ambition, will continue to strive in alleviating child poverty in Pakistan. Modern-day residents also rely on an extensive canal system to provide irrigation. Topography of Pakistan: It means the study of surface features of land, both natural and artificial features. Desertification usually happens in semi-arid areas that border deserts.Human activities are a primary cause of desertification. The Indus Valley Plain is a flat landform in Pakistan, built up over centuries by sediment.It uses many resources from theIndus river.Most of it is in the Punjab province.. Nomads move frequently so their flocks of sheep and goats will have water and grazing land.Besides animals like camels and goats, a variety of desert vegetation is found in oases and along the shores of rivers and lakes. Thar desert. The ancient Anasazi peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the rocky cliffs of the Sonoran Desert. In January 1991 a severe earthquake destroyed entire villages in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, but far fewer people were killed in the quake than died in 1935. For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the soil. #DesertsOfPakistan #TharDesert #MuhammadAkramDeserts of Pakistan. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis. Answer: I. Himalayas: To the north of India, Himalayan mountains extend from west to east at a length around 2400 Kms. It also stores water in a manmade lake, Lake Nasser, to protect the countrys communities and agriculture against drought.Construction of the Aswan High Dam was a huge engineering project. Rapidly expanding populations in California, Nevada, and Arizona have compounded the problem. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. Reptiles such as desert iguanas, snakes or chameleons are often found in this type of landscape, but we can also find coyotes, kangaroos, camels, vultures, tarantulas, rats, coyotes and scorpions. Plants grow, bloom, produce new seeds, and die, often in a short span of time. Every year, about 6 million square kilometers (2.3 million square miles) of land become useless for cultivation due to desertification. Similar lush conditions existed as recently as 25,000 years ago. In Pakistan, it spreads over Punjab and Sindh starting fromTharparkar Districtin the east. Although temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures inside did not. In 2011, Jeddah was struck by a sudden thunderstorm and flash flood. The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. An abaya is a sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and heat. It is believed that the Salt Range was founded by the horses of Alexander the Great's army.The average altitude of Potohar platue is 300m-600m. More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. The planet's deserts exhibit notable relief. The desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists. May and June are the hottest months of the year, with temperatures rising to 122 F (50 C). Answer: Peninsular Plateau. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features The subtropical desert climate there results from persistent high pressure and subsidence at that latitude. Sunny skies. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. They are another type of geographical accident that offers the desert whose elevations have flat tops and very steep slopes (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 21). Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. Wind Cyclones are also a common occurrence in the desert. A major earthquake centred in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Kohistan District in 1965 also caused heavy damage. Most of the Sindh Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River near Kalabagh in 1946. These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. The Thal Desert is located in northeastern Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. Tremors continue in the vicinity of Quetta; the most recent major earthquake occurred in October 2008. Pakistan is situated on the edge of a monsoonal (i.e., wet-dry) system. A thick accumulation of lime often occurs at varying depths. The Nile River ecosystem dominates the eastern part of the Sahara Desert, for instance. Xerocoles include species of insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. The presence of Derawar fort, which is a historical structure standing with all its magnificence to date, hints towards the historical significance of the Cholistan desert. The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there:56.7 C (134.1 F).The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). However, it comes at a cost to the environment. The humps store fat. The dunes are in continual motion and take on varying shapes and sizes. Taking to his official Twitter handle, Sharif directed . These features differ from those of wetter regions, which are often gently rounded by regular rainfall and softened by lush vegetation.Water helps carve desert lands. National Geographic Environment: Desert Landscapes. Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. The Indus River basin is a large, fertile alluvial plain formed by silt from the Indus. The partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 left most of the irrigation canals fed by the rivers of the Indus system in Pakistani territory, while a large desert region remained unirrigated on the Indian side of the border. With lush green vegetation of some of the rarest plant species of the country, this oasis of Cholistan Desert is one of its most unique features. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. However, some birds, such as the roadrunner, have adapted to life in the desert. Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. New York was built on wetland habitat, and Atlanta was built in a wooded area. Important passes of these mountains are Khunjarab, Karakoram, Babusar. The Kharan Desert is located in Northeast Balochistan (a Pakistani state). People have adapted to life in the desert for thousands of years.One thing all deserts have in common is that they are arid, or dry. However, sugar cane is also harvested in the deserts of Pakistan and Australia. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. . Potwar Plateau and Salt Range 5. During other seasons the prevailing wind is the dry northeast monsoon. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topography_of_Pakistan&oldid=1117077755, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 October 2022, at 20:30. Nanoclay is a substance sprayed on desert sands that acts as a binding agent. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital importance to the national economy and played an important role in calming the raging floodwaters of 1992, which devastated large areas in the northern highlands and the Punjab plains. A jackrabbits long ears contain blood vessels that release heat. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. The Thars desert sands overlie Archean (early Precambrian) gneiss (metamorphic rocks formed between 4 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (later Precambrian) sedimentary rocks (formed about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago), and more-recent alluvium (material deposited by rivers). The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. In the 1930s, parts of the Great Plains of North America became the Dust Bowl through a combination of drought and poor farming practices. Over time, the plateaus become very narrow because of the strong wind blowing and then they are called isolated hills. The dunes can be coastal or desert interiors. Karakum desert. Relief features of the Tharparkar desert Get the answers you need, now! Almost all types of fruits are grown here which are considered among the best in the world concerning taste. Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. The islands central plateau is now a barren desert.Rapid population growth also can lead to overuse of resources, killing plant life and depleting nutrients from the soil. 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