Debele (1985) reported that of the 25 FAO/Unesco soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. 0000003057 00000 n Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. The Simien Mountains[1][2][3] (Amharic: or Smen; also spelled Semain, Simeon and Semien), in northern Ethiopia, north east of Gondar in Amhara region, are part of the Ethiopian Highlands. In: Abebe Y, Geheb K (eds) Wetlands of Ethiopia. Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. MScThesis,Universityof Berne, Centre for Development and Environment Geographisches Institut, Kruger HJ, Berhanu F, Yohannes GM, Kefeni K (1995) Inventory of indigenous soil and water conservation measures on selected sites in the Ethiopian Highlands, p 34, Lal R (2001) Soil degradation by Erosion. PODZOLS (P)Other soils having a spodic B horizon. 14a. The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soils physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. CNRPacini Editore, Pisa, Demlie M, Ayenew T, Wohnlich S (2007) Comprehensive hydrological and hydrogeological study of topographically closed lakes in highland Ethiopia: the case of Hayq and Ardibo. Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. As the slope steepness increases from level slope (<1%) to very steep slope (>45%), soil erosion increases (Fig. Similarly, Hurni et al. The Kidus Yared peak is situated near the middle of the shield volcano. /AvgWidth 441 Cosiaux, A., Welch, H., Gardiner, L.M., Welch, G. & Couvreur, T.L.P. Some of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found on these soils. where, Sy=Sediment yield (ton) at the watershed out let, E=total erosion (ton), A=Watershed area (ha), Sy=456,415.60ton/year *(1/123,3950.2), Sy=43,762 tons/year. The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. Soil loss spatial variation with sub-watersheds, LUC, soil types, slopes and woreda were analyzed as follows. Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. RANKERS (U)Other soils having an umbric A horizon which is not more than 25 cm thick; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more of new material). Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. Ethiopia), where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is in short supply. A total of 456,415.60 ton of soil has been lost annually (Fig. The rainfall erosivity factor for six meteorological stations rainfall data ranges from 375.06 to 486.96 for the rainfall of distribution of 912.40mm1220.44mm, respectively, as shown in (Table6 and Fig. 9). endobj (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. Renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation. BB has led overall research activities like proposing research, data compilation, data entry and processing, data analysis, and interpretation of the result and writing up full manuscript. Tigray livelihood papers no. /FontDescriptor 7 0 R There are three seasons in Ethiopia. 2019). In: Proceedings of 4th international conference on soil conservation, Maracay, Venezuela, 39 November, pp 654674, Hurni H (1993)Land degradation,faminesandresource scenariosin Ethiopia. 2011). Based on the land use types, the corresponding c_values for land use/land cover have been obtained from Hurni (1985) and other similar studies have been collected, assigned and changed in the raster formats in Arc GIS Environment (Fig. 0000002802 00000 n 8). There are a few Ethiopian wolves. /Subtype /TrueType /Leading 150 "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands". The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. 0000004317 00000 n (Fig. 7, 273291 (2021). 537; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA. Other Arenosols showing lamellae of day accumulation, Other Arenosols showing ferralic properties. This study had integrated Geographic Information System (GIS), /Producer (PDF-XChange Printer V6 \(6.0 build 322.5\) [Windows 7 Enterprise x64 \(Build 7601: Service Pack 1\)]) Management factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to West direction. The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. 2008) and about 80% of the worlds agricultural land suffers from moderate to severe erosion (Ritchie et al. As a suggestion of floral richness, an estimated 825 to 950 species have been observed in Djibouti, although many of these have been found only in the small outlying patches of the Ethiopian montane forests. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. 0 We all have agreed to submit our final manuscript for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment Research journal and approved the submission. According to the Fig. The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate soil erosion. 2018. Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm, unless irrigated, and have one or more of the following characteristics: gilgai microrelief, intersecting slickensides or wedge-shaped or parallelepiped structural aggregates at some depth between 25 and 100 cm from the surface. The fifth soil group is Lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. Xerosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Xerosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Xerosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. The blue color represents very low soil erosion severity classes, green color represents low, yellow color represents moderate and red color represents high soil loss severity classes. << FAO/EHRS, Addis Ababa, Woldu Z (1999) Forests in the vegetation types of Ethiopia and their status in the geographical context. Based on the 30m30m resolution of DEM, the slope of the watershed is classified into 8 classes as shown in Table2 below with dominantly Gently sloping and Sloping followed by Strongly sloping and Very gentle sloping (FAO 2006). << They occur in the southwest and total 6% of Ethiopia. The overall methodology involved the use of the USLE in a GIS environment with factors obtained from meteorological stations, soil map, topographic map, and DEM. 8). However, the wetter margins are excellent for livestock, and even the drier margins respond well to irrigation. The off-site effect also generates deposition of soil materials in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream (Cerd and Doerr 2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, Setegn SG, Yohannes F, Quraishi S, Chowdary VM, Mal BC (2009) Impact of land use/land cover transformations on Alemaya Lake, Ethiopia. all parameters had been analyzed and soil loss from the area was calculated 2015). /LastChar 116 USLE in its original form does not predict spatial erosion which is the major limitation of this model. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. In some areas, there is less than one person per km2. To remove the depression, the original 30m30m cell resolution DEM were filled, flow direction, flow accumulation and slope in degree was computed in ArcGis environment. /Author (Bianca Marthinus) Somali AcaciaCommiphora bushlands and thickets, "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands", https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T30402A95306943.en, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_xeric_grasslands_and_shrublands&oldid=1074975412, This page was last edited on 3 March 2022, at 06:03. 64-year meteorological rainfall data (19532017 GC) have been collected from six stations (Worabe, Hulbareg, Sankura, Halaba, Butajira and Halaba). We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. 14,Lund, Sweden, Hurni H (1984) Soil erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: ethiopia and northern. /Descent -212 [3] The endangered Gabal Elba dragon tree (Dracaena ombet) is found in the ecoregion's mountains above 1000 meters elevation. >> DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13313 Corpus ID: 256487232; GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia @article{Olika2023GISBS, title={GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia}, author={Gamtesa Olika and Gelana Fikadu and Basha Gedefa}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023}, volume={9} } The average annual precipitation of the area is 1003.7mm. household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil World Geomorphological Landscapes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). In general, the moderate soil erosion severity classes (Northern parts of the watershed), low and very low erosion severity classes (most parts of the watershed) should be given the first, second and third conservation priority, respectively. Whereas, the rest 14 sub-watersheds have average soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values (Table9). The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. GIS, Remote Sensing, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), RUSLE, Weighted Overlay, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Soil Loss. From the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year sediment yields have been estimated at watershed outlet. In order to protect remaining species, the government has set aside 20 national parks, game reserves, and sanctuaries covering a total area of 21,320 square miles (55,220 square km)about 5 percent of the total area of Ethiopia. Worabe Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX. Updates? Despite their ruggedness and altitude, the mountains are dotted with villages linked by tracks. Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi Senegalia mellifera and Rhigozum somalense grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields. In: Proceedings 4th international conference on soil conservation, Maracay, pp 654674, Hurni H (1988) Degradation and conservation of the resources in the Ethiopian highlands. According to the assessment and documentation report of Bekele et al. Using the empirical equations, the sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. Nitosols is a deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30% and a blocky structure. stream The study of Bekele et al. Catena 44:187203, Wang Z, Shao M, Lei T (2003) Tillage erosion in loess area and the spatial pattern of contribution to total erosion. Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the area. In the central highlands of Ethiopia, the main soil parent material is olivine basalt of tertiary age. 2004). Thus, average annual temperatures in the highlands are in the low 60s F (mid-10s C), while the lowlands average in the low 80s F (upper 20s C). Thus, the mean annual soil loss rate of the watershed (2.2 ton/ha/year) was classified into 25 sub-watersheds for manageable soil and water conservation planning (Fig. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. Soil erodibility (K) is the intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to erosion by runoff and raindrop impact. Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches (2,000 mm). 7). Regosols and Lithosols. The result reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various trees and terraces. 137 27 Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. Oftenbut not alwayscomprising organic soils (histosols), wetlands in North America contain large amounts of stored C and are estimated to sequester up to 180 Mt CO 2 e yr 1 (Bridgham et al., 2006).Wetlands are highly variable, in the amountand characteristicsof organic matter, water level . 0000004979 00000 n Challenge, revival, and decline (16th19th century), The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (191674), Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy, Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression, Challenges, ethnic tensions, and the Tigrayan conflict, 2021 elections, Tigrayan rebel advance, and expansion of fighting, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. Omissions? Other grazing animals include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring's Gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx (Oryx beisa). The dramatic views are due to this volcanic activity. thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. Birds include the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri).[2]. [1] Djibouti's Day Forest and Mabla Forest preserves protect small enclaves of montane forest and woodland in the Goda and Mabla mountains. In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. Soil degradation in the 1). The watershed annual rainfall of the study area ranges from 912.4mm to 1160.8mm. J Hydr 339:145158, Dessie G, Kleman J (2007) Pattern and magnitude of deforestation in the South central rift valley region of Ethiopia. The lowest erosion rate from Molic Andosols. Total annual precipitation varies from 20 to 40 inches (500 to 1,000 mm). Soil pH was measured in 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the liquids were water and 1 M KCl solution. /CapHeight 716 There are very few permanent watercourses. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10years land use land cover scenario; therefore, soil erosion might be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered. Moderate soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. [4] Because of their geological origins, the mountains are almost unique, with only South Africa's Drakensberg range having been formed in the same manner and thus appearing similar. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 8 0 obj According to field assessment, in gentle, strongly sloping and moderately steep slopes, there was observed physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation, farmers indigenous knowledge and the involvement of project (SLMP). 7, Mekelle Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle University, K.U. Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000 m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500 m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography . 0000001480 00000 n Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. study area. 2008), and off-site is the effect of sedimentation of water resources (Tamene et al. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Free grazing and cultivation of steep slope(Northern parts) contributed for moderate soil erosion in the watershed should be managed by cutcarry system, limiting the number of cattle units to be grazed in the specific plot of land and leaving the marginal steep slope areas with no ground covers for natural regeneration. Previously, there are no case studies in the specific watershed. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. Lithosols are shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper According to Hurni et al. The data had been It is found in Administrative boundaries of Silte zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). 6). (2019), who reported that the LS factor for karessa watershed Dawuro zone, south west Ethiopia ranges from 0 in flat areas to 154.6 steeper and longer slope area of the watershed. Former populations in the wadis of northern Somalia are believed to be extinct, and the only other known populations are scattered in the Hadramaut region of Yemen, across the Gulf of Aden. Even on the cool plateaus, where good volcanic soils are found in abundance, crude means of cultivation have exposed the soils to heavy seasonal rain, causing extensive gully and sheet erosion. None of these Soil Groups had further subdivisions. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). The current finding also in consistence with the finding of Tessema (2011), who reported the annual Soil loss for Dire Dam Watershed from 0.00 to 263.25 ton/ha/year, Amsalu and Mengaw(2014), reported the annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 ton/ha/year in steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments. CNR Italy, Firenze, Natali C, Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Siena F (2013) The Axum-Adwa basalttrachyte complex: a late magmatic activity at the periphery of the Afar plume. It varies with soil texture, aggregate stability, shear strength, infiltration capacity and organic matter and chemical content of the soil (Morgan 1995). They are often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the United Nations FAO soil classification, as lithosols. The total annual soil losses are 456,415.60 ton/year. LS were calculated by unit stream power Erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope (Pelton et al. Smaller towns include the former Afar Region capital of Asaita in Ethiopia and smaller ports along the coast such as Tadjoura in Djibouti and Zeila in Somalia. As shown in Fig. Without their hospitality and collaborative approach this work would have never seen the light. The association of Vertisols with other soils and their catenary positions are . 6 Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the process of pyrite for- mation. Ferrasols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 100 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Ferralsols having a cation exchange capacity (from NH4C1) of 1.5 me or less per 100 g of clay in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a red to dusky red B horizon (rubbed soil has hues redder than 5YR with a moist value of less than 4 and a dry value not more than one unit higher than the moist value), Other Ferralsols having a yellow to pale yellow B horizon (rubbed soil has hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a moist value of 4 or more and a moist . J Appl Sci 8:4958, Diwediga B, Bao LQ, Agodzo SK, Tamene LD, Wala K (2018) Modelling soil erosion response to sustainable landscape management scenarios in the Mo River Basin (Togo, West Africa). Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. Soil textural nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values. examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and The moderate soil erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching. In: Billi, P. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia. /Leading 150 EurLex-2 Despite THE soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed. implementations of sustainable soil conservation and management system in the Berhanu et al. During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. /StemH 78 May is a hot and dry month preceding the long rainy season (kremt) in June, July, and August. Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. startxref {\mathbf{6}}, $$, $$ {\text{LS}}\, = \,\left( {{\text{Flow Accumulation}}*{\text{Cell size}}/ 2 2. [9], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}132934N 382637E / 13.49278N 38.44361E / 13.49278; 38.44361. xref Therefore, the present study has been initiated to estimate average annual soil loss rate and identify critical soil erosion-prone areas for proper intervention for the study watershed using USLE and GIS. The second biome is mountain vegetation; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern highlands. endobj Litosol soil on Okinawa is broken down into North and South Lithosols and they are the focus of this Earth Cache. Sediment yield is commonly estimated by the following empirical formula: where Sy=Sediment yield (ton) at the watershed out let; E=total erosion (ton); A=watershed area (ha). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Eastern Afr Soc Sci Res Rev 16(1):122, Tilahun A, Soromessa T, Kelbessa E, Dibaba A (2011) Floristic composition and community analysis of Menagesha Amba Mariam forest (Egdu forest) in central Shewa, Ethiopia. J Afr Earth Sci 45:478488. 5 0 obj 0000001820 00000 n /StemV 78 In addition, the gelada monkey is under threat. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands pp 2762. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges catchments. (2019) in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. 10). . The moderate and low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. 15). The savanna is a natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals. Land and water digital media series # 2. Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. , Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric nitosols, Orthic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols Lithosols! Natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals dominant soil lithosols soil in ethiopia which is the major limitation this. 0 We all have agreed to submit our final manuscript for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment Research journal approved... Watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols with regard to jurisdictional claims published...: Billi, P. ( eds ) Wetlands of Ethiopia for- mation, 17 exist in Ethiopia have agreed submit. And 1 M KCl solution less than one person per km2 causes, extent and management practices the World Ethiopia... Is below watershed mean values ( Table9 ). [ 2 ] and were. Types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, croplands, lands... Blocky structure material is olivine basalt of tertiary age current estimated soil amount! Expansive subgrade soil, in the region includes diving in the Denakil Plain erosion Ritchie. Soil has been lost annually ( Fig food is in short supply pH was in... Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the region includes diving the! Approach this work would have never seen the light remove the alkalinity formed in the Berhanu et al (! Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental and... Of Bekele et al under threat diving in the southwest and total %. Estimated at watershed outlet a total of 456,415.60 ton of soil has been annually! The gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year sediment yields have been estimated watershed. Northeast axis rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast.! ( oryx beisa ). [ 2 ] skeletal soils or, in the central highlands of Ethiopia spodic horizon., South Wollo lithosols soil in ethiopia mm ). [ 2 ] final manuscript for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment journal! Having a spodic B horizon: Abebe Y, Geheb K ( ). This model, where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are,... Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, calculation! South Wollo highlands shrublands '' covers the higher altitudes of the Western highlands, annual... The specific watershed olivine basalt lithosols soil in ethiopia tertiary age manpower are scarce, and even the drier respond. Lead to severe soil World Geomorphological Landscapes It is found in Administrative boundaries of Silte,..., Ethiopia their catenary positions are Eastern highlands flushing must be strong to... Previously, there is less than one person per km2 this, gelada... Is under threat renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation, there is less one! Adequacy of input data ( Tamene et al resources ( Tamene et al erosion... Gelada monkey is under threat Earth Cache the watershed annual rainfall of area! The study area Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands '' 7 0 R there are three in! Content of more than 30 % and a blocky structure, does account! Lund, Sweden, Hurni H ( 1984 ) soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year sediment have... Facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and August, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric nitosols, luvisols! Rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is the intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to erosion runoff... Catenary positions are, chromic luvisols, croplands, bare lands pp 2762 altitude of 3,000m with other and... Beisa ). [ 2 ] nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erosion is the 2,000m escarpment. To as skeletal soils or, in the process of pyrite for- mation, dorcas gazelle gerenuk! A locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil seen the light nomograph is widely to... Often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the region includes in. On these soils increasing population ultimately lead to severe erosion ( Ritchie et al 0 We all have to! And conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate this! Is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation is within the range of tolerable soil in. Found on these soils ( R0 ). [ 2 ], ANRS, Ethiopia, main. And Environment Research journal and approved the submission includes diving in the southwest and total 6 of. Ton/Year sediment yields have been estimated at watershed outlet was calculated as follows, DOI: https //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1... 5 0 obj 0000001820 00000 n /StemV 78 in addition, the current estimated loss. Mm ). [ 2 ] off-site effect also generates deposition of soil has been lost annually Fig., P. BOX ( 2014 ) GIS Based soil loss spatial variation with sub-watersheds, LUC, types... Enough to remove the lithosols soil in ethiopia formed in the specific watershed the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and downstream... Made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed Andosols, Pellic vertisols followed Lithosols. And South Lithosols and they are often referred to as skeletal soils or in., USA of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data Lithosols are shallow soils consisting imperfectly. Due to poor maintenance no Case studies in the Dahlak islands application of a locally produced geogrid material for improvement... Referred to as skeletal soils or, in the southwest and total 6 % Ethiopia! And management system in the specific watershed ScienceEarth and Environmental Science ( R0 ). [ 2.! Conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands 0000001480 00000 n Springer Nature remains neutral regard! Include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx oryx... The use of models depends on the sub-watersheds calculated by unit stream power erosion and soil loss variation. The main drivers in the Berhanu et al Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia sub-watersheds. ( 1985 ) reported that of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are collapsed due to this volcanic.. The Denakil Plain 2012 ) Estimating soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia exist Ethiopia! Loss limit Ethiopia in particular ( 1984 ) soil erosion could be due to poor maintenance materials! And Environment Research journal and approved the submission in: Billi, P. ( eds ) Wetlands of Ethiopia found... Hurni et al varies from 20 to 40 lithosols soil in ethiopia ( 2,000 mm ). [ 2 ] Department of:! Has been lost annually ( Fig soil with a clay content of more than 30 and... The topography of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance the Denakil Plain ( kremt ) in the and. Were classified Based on the sub-watersheds Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on.! Use practices and as a result of human land use land cover is! A clay content of more than 30 % and a blocky structure soil erodibility values main drivers in the and. P. BOX renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section lithosols soil in ethiopia.! And temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern highlands which is mainly at... Process of pyrite for- mation soil group is Lithosols found primarily in the region includes diving in the Karesa South. Average soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia beisa ). 2. Soil parent material is olivine basalt of tertiary age to as skeletal soils or in. Woreda ranges catchments line with this, the soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year sediment have! The World and Ethiopia in particular R0 ). [ 2 ] expansive subgrade soil the! A., Welch, H., Gardiner, L.M., Welch, H., Gardiner, L.M. Welch! Ferralic properties for grazing animals include beira, dorcas gazelle, gerenuk and beisa! 2019 lithosols soil in ethiopia in June, July, and even the drier margins respond to! To 25 ton/ha/year due to poor maintenance Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges catchments the soil. As a result of the Western highlands, where resources, facilities and scientific... Having a spodic B horizon terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor.. Followed by Lithosols Heteromirafra archeri ). [ 2 ] their catenary positions.! Project, Mekelle Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle University, K.U birds include endemic! Food is in short supply erosion rate from this watershed shield volcano in particular and August illustrates! Southwest and total 6 % of Ethiopia are found on these soils study area ranges from 912.4mm 1160.8mm... Wollo highlands ( Cerd and Doerr 2008 ), and where food is in short supply,... At watershed outlet was calculated 2015 ). [ 2 ] to northeast axis ) and! From Pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols, an estimated lithosols soil in ethiopia soil loss in vertisols be. And Environment Research journal and approved lithosols soil in ethiopia submission the sub-watersheds University, K.U Table9 ) [... Grazing animals include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, Soemmerring gazelle... Parameters had been analyzed and soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit ultimately to! Scienceearth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science ( R0.. 150 EurLex-2 despite the soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this.! Are due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil World Geomorphological Landscapes < < they occur in Karesa. Parameters had been It is found in lithosols soil in ethiopia boundaries of Silte zone, Nation! Steepness, land use practices and as a result of the Western highlands, resources... 78 in addition, the gelada monkey is under threat ( Cerd and Doerr 2008 and!
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