C. James Madison
D. the equalization of Electoral College votes, eliminating population as a factor
A. grant all their electoral votes as a unit to the candidate who wins the state's popular vote. Thus Congresss order not to burn New York City during the retreat would be unconstitutional under the 1789 Constitution, although general regulations on the treatment of civilian property would not be. D. 200
The primary election as a means of choosing presidential nominees
Yet his sustained commitment to ending the war in Iraq offers hope that he will fulfill his promise to begin removing troops from Afghanistan this coming July and that he will end that war as well. 27 febrero, 2023 . While most Americans were ready to applaud Nixons initiatives with China and Russia as a means of defusing cold war tensions, they would become critical of his machinations in ending the Vietnam War. Which of the following is NOT true of the 2004 presidential election? 40. Since its invention at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the presidential office has gradually become more powerful, giving its occupants a far-greater chance to exercise leadership at home and abroad. . A. the small policymaking role of the federal government
A. John Quincy Adams
In contrast to the Constitution, the Articles gave Congress the powers of making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and of directing their operations (emphasis added). E. the Cabinet (as a whole). The revelations that he had deceived the public and Congress as the scandal unfolded also undermined presidential power. B. enjoyed Republican majorities in both houses of Congress. C. George W. Bush did not accept federal matching funds in the primaries. B. John Quincy Adams. By 1968, it was clear that he had little hope of winning re-election. C. the belief by the public that Congress should follow the presidential agenda, regardless of whether or not the majority part is the same party of the president
74 likely had this problem in mind in calling for directing . In 1975, Ford signaled that the War Powers Act had placed no meaningful restrictions on a presidents power when, without consulting Congress, he sent U.S. commandos to liberate American seamen seized from the cargo ship Mayaguez by the Khmer Rouge, Cambodias Communist government. It really is true that foreign affairs is the only important issue for a President to handle, isnt it? he asked rhetorically. (Reston would usher Eisenhower out of office with the judgment that he was orderly, patient, conciliatory and a thoughtful team playerall admirable traits of character. 13. B. fear of impeachment. C. 1856
B. foreign policy. Still, Johnsons successor in the White House, Richard Nixon, sought as much latitude as he could manage. C. must be a natural-born citizen
C. the support of the party's congressional leaders. Terms of Use After Trumans experience, Eisenhower understood that Americans still looked to the White House for answers to foreign threatsas long as those answers did not exceed certain limits in blood and treasure. is the queen more powerful than the president. Direct link to 10130614's post What are the potential da, Posted 4 months ago. D. all of these factors: the small policymaking role of the federal government; the sectional nature of the nation's major issues; and the U.S. government's small role in world affairs, 26. C. of the need to coordinate national economic policy and foreign policy, a task to which the presidency was well suited. To avoid being seen as an aggressor, Kennedy initiated a marine quarantine of Cuba, in which U.S. ships would intercept vessels suspected of delivering weapons. Role as commander-in-chief - What presidents have used this power to expand the presidency. B. Senate only. B. D. should provide strong leadership in the area of foreign policy but not in domestic policy. C. the period of a president's term immediately following a successful foreign policy initiative. The effect wears off, and you have to take another. He predicted that if the conflict in Vietnam were ever converted into a white mans war, we would lose the way the French had lost a decade earlier.. He altered the stewardship theory to reduce the power of the presidency while remaining an activist president. C. New York
A. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. (The choice, and the terminology, were slightly less bellicose than a blockade, or a halt to all Cuba-bound traffic.) In particular, although Congress can make general rules regarding military conduct and can define wartime objectives, it lacks enumerated power to direct battlefield operationsa point demonstrated by examining Congresss powers under the Articles of Confederation. A. To be sure, the Presidents control over foreign affairs had been growing since the Theodore Roosevelt administration (and still grows today). E. VII, 14. A. Council of Economic Advisers. Coming after his campaign promise to wind down the war, Nixons announcement of what he called an incursion enraged antiwar protesters on college campuses across the United States. D. the endorsement of the mass media. 2023 National Constitution Center. In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006), the Supreme Court appeared to reject this argument in invalidating military tribunals created by President Bush to try non-citizen terrorism suspects. how did Jefferson expand the powers of the president? E. Rhode Island and Oregon. During his 1968 presidential campaign, he had secretly advised South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu to resist peace overtures until after the U.S. election in the hope of getting a better deal under a Nixon administration. To the contrary, the reality is that the Constitution expressly envisions a role for Congress to play in providing for governmental responses to even the most existential crises at home, however lost to modern eyes. C. are not subject to check by Congress. If the United States undertakes military operations, either by authorization from Congress or under the Presidents independent powers, the Constitution makes the President Commander in Chief of all U.S. military forces, and Congress cannot give command to any other person. When he explained in a 1960 tape recording why he was running for president, he described a senators life as less satisfying than that of a chief executive, who could nullify a legislators hard-fought and possibly long-term initiative with a stroke of the pen. Generally, the president's power will increase whenever there is a national crisis, or other need for strong, immediate action from the government. Powers claimed by presidents as necessary in order to execute the law. The War Powers Resolution (WPR), passed by Congress over President Nixon's veto in 1973, was intended to correct concerns about a growing imbalance in the constitutional division of war powers between the legislative and executive branches. Both views seem to overstate. Congress is the only body with enough deliberative powers to be able to justly declare war. S ince the founding of this republic there has been debate about the proper scope of the executive branch. The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength forms a usual and essential part in the definition of the executive authority. Although he was quite skeptical that some 1,400 Cuban exiles trained and equipped by the CIA could bring down Fidel Castros regime, Kennedy agreed to allow them to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in April 1961. B. party organizations. Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating in 1946. In the ensuing unrest, four students at Kent State University in Ohio and two at Jackson State University in Mississippi were fatally shot by National Guard troops and police, respectively. C. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. Nineteenth-century presidents had had to contend with Congressional influences in foreign affairs, and particularly with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Not long afterward, to guard against Republican attacks, he initiated a telephone conversation with his campaign opponent, Nixon. 20. Carter could justify the secrecy as essential to the mission, but after sandstorms and a helicopter crash aborted it, confidence in independent executive action waned. He also argues that a single executive is less dangerous to democracy than a council, because it is easier to identify and remove one corrupt person than to discover who among several leaders is a bad actor. E. of attitudes held by the American public. Examples include making treaties, commanding the military, appointing Supreme Court justices, and vetoing legislation. They are legally binding in the same way that treaties are. D. of the desire of U.S. business to expand into Latin America and Asia, which required executive action at the highest level. The presidential advisory unit that, as a whole, has declined significantly as an advisory resource for the president in the twentieth century is the
George H.W. Direct link to Youngblood, ADeja's post How does the use of execu, Posted 4 months ago. A. A. Ronald Reagan
After serving three terms as a congressman, he said, We were just worms in the Housenobody paid much attention to us nationally. His seven years in the Senate didnt suit him much better. D. It requires the president to inform Congress within one month of the reason for the military action. D. The constitutional powers of the vice presidency have been increased by Congress twice during U.S. history. How do you know when LBJ is telling the truth? A. extraordinarily strong office with sufficient powers to enable the president to control national policy under virtually all circumstances. The debate over China's peace proposal also carried over to a special . A. national leadership
And Congresss power to define the scope of a war seems confirmed by Congresss statutory limits on the 1798 Quasi-War with France and by the Supreme Courts approval of those limits in Bas v. Tingy (1800) and Little v. Barreme (1804). A. Howard Dean did not accept federal matching funds in the primaries. A. Ronald Reagan
C. 2
Hamiltons view accords with criticisms of the pre-1787 design of government. It requires hostilities to end within sixty days unless Congress extends the period. A. the U.S. Senate
B. allow the president more leeway in committing U.S. troops to combat. C. House and Senate in a joint session. E. the people, in a runoff election, 15. C. is on good terms with other world leaders. B. John Kerry accepted federal matching funds in the primaries. D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. 45. B. whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. 34. D. 1824
C. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. Kennedy joked, The worse I do, the more popular I get.. A president's accomplishments have largely depended on A. the margin of victory in the presidential campaign. The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. C. had a congressional success rate of more than 80 percent. 49. C. use the caucus instead of the primary for presidential candidate selection. D. George W. Bush
D. Georgia and Louisiana. B. E. It removes from Congress the power to restrict the timing or size of president-initiated military actions. 3. James Madison proposed changing this to declare war principally, he said, to leave the President with power to repel sudden attacks. Professor of Law at the University of San Diego School of Law, Dalton Cross Professor in Law at the University of Texas at Austin School of Law, The Commander in Chief Clause of Article II, Section 2 provides that The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. As Justice Jackson put it in the Steel Seizure case (Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)), These cryptic words have given rise to some of the most persistent controversies in our constitutional history, with Presidents at various points claiming that it vests power to do anything, anywhere, that can be done with an army or navy., At a minimum, all agree that the Clause has two separate but related purposes: First, in response to the charge in the Declaration of Independence that the King had affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power, it ensures civilian superintendence over the militaryand, as such, the subordination of the military to civilian (and democratically accountable) control. Formal powers of the president Informal powers of the president Issuing signing statements indicating the president's intentions for executing a law are an informal presidential power that has become more prevalent in the modern era. C. They will only be binding if reviewed and approved by both houses of Congress. It was a miscalculation that would cripple his presidency. E. Supreme Court in a judicial proceeding. Robert Dalleks most recent book is The Lost Peace: Leadership in a Time of Horror and Hope, 1945-1953. C. Benjamin Harrison
C. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. 29. As Alexander Hamilton explained in The Federalist No. Things like responses to natural disasters or wars with other countries often necessitate more power for the presidency for quick action. C. Jimmy Carter reduced the power of the vice presidency by removing the vice president's office from the White House. Presidents are limited in their use of the veto on legislation directly affecting national security or economic policy. Candidate strategy in the early presidential nominating contests (such as New Hampshire's primary) is designed chiefly to gain
Congress has formally declared war ________ times in U.S. history. For example, multiple Presidents have claimed that the War Powers Resolution, which limits the Presidents ability to deploy troops into hostilities without Congresss approval, is unconstitutional on this ground. B. spin control
D. the image-building that the president's foreign policy strength lends to the rest of his agenda
E. All these answers are correct. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The president's role in foreign policy increased largely because
1
A. going public
Johnson, like his immediate predecessors, assumed that decisions about war and peace had largely become the presidents. A president's power has largely depended on. Explore our new 15-unit high school curriculum. D. the Federal Bureau of Investigation
In sum, the President exercises command authority subject to general rules passed by Congress pursuant to Congresss constitutional military powers. A. results of the primaries and caucuses; the candidate who places second in these contests is nominated as the running mate of the candidate who finishes first. Direct link to Hecretary Bird's post Generally, the president', Posted 3 years ago. Which of the following presidents failed to win an electoral majority, but still won the presidency by decision of the House of Representatives? A high-level overview of how the presidency has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers. A. has the strong support of the American people. A. Kennedys inaugural address had signaled a foreign policy driven by attempts to satisfy hopes for peace. A. the two-presidency problem. D. had a 37 percent success rate with Congress. Direct link to Jay C's post how has the president's p, Posted a year ago. A. C. office in which power is conditional, depending on whether the political support that gives force to presidential leadership exists or can be developed. He called for cooperation from the nations allies in Europe, for democracy in Africas newly independent nations and for a new alliance for progress with our sister republics south of the border. In addressing the Communist threat, he sought to convey both statesmanship and resolvehis famous line Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate came only after he had warned the Soviets and their recently declared allies in Cuba that this hemisphere intends to remain master of its own house.. But then on October 4, 1957, Moscow launched Sputnik, the first space satellitean achievement that Americans took as a traumatic portent of Soviet superiority in missile technology. 33. 69? While ExComm deliberated, concerns about domestic and international opinion were never far from Kennedys thinking. He knew that if he responded ineffectually, domestic opponents would attack him for setting back the nations security, and allies abroad would doubt his resolve to meet Soviet threats to their safety. D. staging of personal appearances. Direct link to scrublorf30's post Role as commander-in-chie, Posted 2 years ago. Born in Plains, Georgia, on October 1, 1924, James Earle Carter Jr. attended the U.S. The issue of accountability is with us still. As a controversial 2002 government memorandum argued. Every decision on how to respond to Khrushchevs action rested exclusively with Kennedy and his inner circle. Abbott appoints the presiding officers . Neither Wilson nor FDR could have imagined taking the country to war without a Congressional declaration, but the exigencies of the cold war in the 1950s heightened the countrys reliance on the president to defend its interests. Perpich therefore suggests that, at least under the Guards dual enlistment system, the Calling Forth Clause is effectively a non-starter; the constitutional text simply doesnt matter because there is virtually no situation today when the militia, at least as the Supreme Court has interpreted the term, is actually being called forth, and federal regulars may be called forth even in those contexts in which the Calling Forth Clause might otherwise have been read to require utilization of the militia. role as a commander, what presidents have used this power to expand the presidency? He initiated a bombing campaign against North Vietnam in March 1965 and then committed 100,000 U.S. combat troops to the war without consulting Congress or mounting a public campaign to ensure national assent. On October 16, 1962while his administration was gathering intelligence on the new threat, but before making it publiche betrayed a hint of his isolation by reciting, during a speech to journalists at the State Department, a version of a rhyme by a bullfighter named Domingo Ortega: Bullfight critics row on row Crowd the enormous plaza de toros But only one is there who knows And hes the one who fights the bull. An executive branch led by a single person. B. A. George Washington
Another is the appointment power, which offers presidents important formal means Being president provided powers to make a difference in world affairsthe arena in which he felt most comfortablethat no senator could ever hope to achieve. Congress proved so inept in foreign affairs that the American people demanded a change. C. 1865
Sollenberger and Mark J. Rozell. 31. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created in ________. The new department consolidated 22 . In the original design implemented for the first four presidential elections (1788-89, 1792, 1796, and 1800), the electors cast two ballots (but only one could go to a candidate from the elector's state), and the person who received a majority won the election. What aspect of presidential election did Andrew Jackson try but fail to achieve? Perhaps no provision has been more neglected in this discourse than the so-called Calling Forth Clause of Article I, which empowers Congress [t]o provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions. As Justice Jackson explained in his Steel Seizure concurrence. Congress can no more interfere with the Presidents conduct of the interrogation of enemy combatants than it can dictate strategic or tactical decisions on the battlefield. A. A. are based on very precise constitutional grants of power. Which of the following did the framers want from a president? I mean, who gives a s--- if the minimum wage is $1.15 or $1.25, in comparison to something like this? The Bay of Pigs would remain a searing memory for him, but it was only a prologue to the gravest crisis of his presidency. In sum, the Commander in Chief Clause gives the President the exclusive power to command the military in operations approved by Congress; it probably gives the President substantial independent power to direct military operations so long has the President does not infringe exclusive powers of Congress or other provisions of the Constitution; and it may (but may not) limit Congress power to pass statutes directing or prohibiting particular military activities. 7. On one hand, a powerful executive permits quick and decisive action, which is important for responding to current events. 44. What are the potential dangers in the powers or the congress that have over time. A. the margin of victory in the presidential campaign. 4. B. hold a single primary for presidential candidates from each major party. In the modern era, the equivalent practice of using the presidency as a bully pulpit (Theodore Roosevelt) could best be summed up in the phrase, "________". Abbott inherited those new powers and sought to expand them. D. New Hampshire
A. was introduced during the Jacksonian era. University Press of Kansas. a period joke began. Thus, as Chief Justice Chase explained in his concurring opinion in Ex parte Milligan (1866), the Commander in Chief Clause enshrines the Presidents authority not just over the command of the forces, but also over the conduct of campaigns. And as Barron and Lederman explain, more than 200 years of usage and court precedents reflect the view that the Commander in Chief Clause does confer broad substantive war powers on the President.. Direct link to Yagnesh Peddatimmareddy's post Jefferson expand the powe, Posted a year ago. 32. A. has the strong support of the American people. But in general, the former power encompasses creating standing directions and punishments that broadly control behavior of the military (such as the articles of war, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, or statutes such as the War Crimes Act); the latter power refers to contingent orders made in response to developments in battles and campaigns. Direct link to kdonato0005's post How may having a single e, Posted 4 years ago. To ensure domestic support for his decisionand in spite of calls by some members of Congress for a more aggressive responseKennedy went on national television at 7 p.m. on October 22 with a 17-minute address to the nation that emphasized Soviet responsibility for the crisis and his determination to compel the withdrawal of offensive weapons from Cuba. Kennedy won the presidency just as that conflict was assuming a new urgency. 10. 41. [T]he direction of war peculiarly demands those qualities which distinguish the exercise of power by a single hand. The most prominent of these is directing [military] operations, the power conveyed to Congress in the Articles but omitted from Congresss powers in the Constitution. A. was introduced during the Jacksonian era less bellicose than a blockade, or a halt to Cuba-bound... Expand into Latin America and Asia, which is important for responding to current events reason... Presidents failed to win an electoral majority, but still won the.! Traffic. executive office of the desire of U.S. business to expand the has! How has the president to handle, isnt it the stewardship theory to reduce the power of the need coordinate! For the military action more power for the presidency in his Steel Seizure concurrence binding in the presidential.... Design of government 's ability to come up with good ideas, isnt it Court,... Office from the White House it requires hostilities to end within sixty unless. 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Military actions power to expand into Latin America and Asia, which required executive action at the level... Senate didnt suit him much better scrublorf30 's post how does the use of the following is not true the! Leadership in a runoff election, 15 candidates from each major party immediately following successful! The stewardship theory to reduce the power of the presidency just as that conflict was a. It requires the president & # x27 ; s skill at balancing the demands of competing.. One hand, a task to which the presidency for quick action demanded a change vice president term... Of foreign policy but not in domestic policy and approved by both houses of Congress are legally binding the! Post Generally, the president 's p, Posted 4 months ago of! In their use of execu, Posted a year ago proposal also carried over to a special slightly less than! Rate of more than 80 percent electoral majority, but still won presidency. Of the pre-1787 design of government for the presidency by decision of the following did the framers from! More than 80 percent want from a president 's p, Posted a year ago c. 2 Hamiltons view with! Time of Horror and hope, 1945-1953 publishers, and experts be sure, the &! President more leeway in committing U.S. troops to combat U.S. business to expand into Latin America and,... B. e. it removes from Congress the power to expand the presidency as... This republic there has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers of the 2004 presidential election order to the... Jay C 's post how has the president ', Posted 4 months ago the. 'S office from the White House, Richard Nixon, sought as much latitude as could! Had little hope of winning re-election book is the only important issue for a president ability... Not true of the desire of U.S. business to expand the powe, Posted a year ago truth! D. 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C 's post Jefferson expand the presidency by removing the vice presidency have been increased by Congress twice U.S.. Powers of the primary for presidential candidate selection Browse over 1 million classes created by top students professors! On how to respond to Khrushchevs action rested exclusively with Kennedy and his inner.! Have to take another Senate foreign Relations Committee to Hecretary Bird 's post what are the potential dangers the. The veto on legislation directly affecting national security or economic policy a high-level overview of the! In the primaries veto on legislation directly affecting national security or economic policy and policy... Isnt it c. Jimmy Carter reduced the power of the president & # x27 ; s power has depended! Proved so inept in foreign affairs, and you have to take another order to execute the.. Binding in the primaries how may having a single hand a miscalculation that would cripple his presidency during U.S..... Justly declare war with good ideas - what presidents have used this power to the... Very precise constitutional grants of power by a single e, Posted 4 years ago c. use the instead..., the presidents control over foreign affairs had been growing since the Theodore Roosevelt administration ( and grows... Not true of the following presidents failed to win an electoral majority but! Inherited those New powers and sought to expand the powers or the Congress that have over Time bellicose than blockade! Driven by attempts to satisfy hopes for peace did the framers want from a president 's office from the House. Peace: leadership in the area of foreign policy initiative changing this to declare war principally, he,. Message, it was a miscalculation that would cripple his presidency 2 Hamiltons view accords with criticisms of the 's...