In most cases, calcium chews do not contain enough absorbable calcium to be considered life threatening to pets. Calcium should only be given when they move into the 3rd stage of labor and are pushing out puppies. In addition to keeping your dog hydrated you can also help relieve her nausea by giving her small doses of an antacid like Tums. If you are seeing signs of ineffective labor, nervousness or muscle twitching, quickly give Oral Cal Plus orally or inject calcium gluconate immediately. The factors which decide the required calcium are: Size; Age; Breed; Gender; First pregnancy or subsequent ones; Regular diet, and; Nursing dog; The Most Crucial Need for Calcium is By a Nursing Dog. Caution is always the best course of action. Tie the umbilical cord with umbilical tape, string, or floss (unflavored and unwaxed) about a half inch from the puppy's belly, taking care not to tug on the cord. Membranes should pass within 15 minutes of each puppy; therefore dogs will alternate between state 2 and 3 with each puppy produced. Calcium supplements for humans can also contain harmful ingredients for dogs. In mammals such as dogs, calcium allows the uterine muscle to slide past and shorten, resulting in effective uterine contraction. The risk is also higher in mothers receiving inadequate nutrition and mothers nursing big litters. And it can be as much as 12-20 tablets for a larger dog within one day. There are many commercially available diets formulated specifically for pregnant and nursing mothers. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Your email address will not be published. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. If you must give your dog calcium-rich chicken or eggs, make sure that you cook the meat thoroughly before offering it to your dog. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Kids 4 to 8 years old need 1,000 mg of calcium a day (2-3 servings). While your dog will have several quantities throughout the whelping process, most dogs will only need a single amount while nursing. Calcium levels are taxed severely when a dog is giving birth. The above described clinical manifestation combined with the history of recent whelping and predisposing factors, give a clear indication of eclamspia. You need to provide her with a gentle and relaxing walk. Severe cases can cause convulsions. If your dog is struggling profusely with active labor, calcium should be given.var cid='1939756689';var pid='ca-pub-5290066248410778';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-pawsinsider_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} When dosing, consider the amount of calcium, form of calcium, as well as the magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 levels in the supplement. This type of calcium requires food in the stomach to work effectively and is used in most antacids ie. Give Breeders Edge Oral Cal Plus Powder until nursing is stopped to prevent regression. You may want to wait until the first puppy is born before giving your dog Tums, though. Administering calcium before delivery occurs can result in eclampsia and death. This much calcium should not be given all at once, but should be split between puppies when whelping, and across 3-4 meals when nursing.N For a 60 pound dog, this would be 300 to 900 mg every eight hours as a maintenance dose. The pregnancy is divided into trimesters, and a healthy, well-fed dog will gain about 15 to 20% beyond her weight at breeding. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Calcium-rich bone meal is also an excellent source of calcium. Small dogs will need around 600 to 800 mg of oral calcium. Kids and teens 9 to 18 years old need 1,300 mg of calcium a day (4 servings). Credit: Courtesy of Amazon. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showing the heart's electrical . Check out. According to the NRC, healthy adult dogs generally require 50 mg of calcium per kilogram of body weight. , Ask Your Vet for Help to Produce More Milk. This chalky chewable tablet contains calcium carbonate, a mineral that works equally well for humans and canines. In turn, it will also encourage healthy, successful labor with no issues. However, very young animals and animals with preexisting renal disease may be more sensitive to the calcium and are at greater risk for toxicosis. Learn what to feed a pregnant dog, and when to safely give calcium. The calcium that your dog needs to successfully deliver her pups is released through the parathyroid gland, which may be inactive before labor. Egg is rich in phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and contains moderate amounts of sodium (142 mg per 100 g of whole egg) (Table 3). In fact, , If your dog ate ham and is reacting adversely, contact your local veterinarian immediately. In cats with hypocalcemia, 46 to 70 mg per . Best source of protein for dogs is meat, so focus on chicken, turkey, beef, lamb and fish (as long as shes not allergic to any of these ingredients). You should use fast-absorbing calcium supplements in the form of oral gels. Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin C and vitamin D. Foods that are high in vitamin D are salmon and canned mackerel. Eggshells contain high levels of calcium as well as other minerals such as zinc, phosphorus, and magnesium. Best Calcium Supplements For Dogs: Quick Picks. This much calcium should not be given all at once, but should be split between puppies when whelping, and across 3-4 meals when nursing. Post-whelping, all high risk moms and heavy milkers should get calcium supplements until weaning. This calcium gel for dogs and cats contains vitamins D3 and B6 to support calcium absorption while MCTs and dextrose support mental alertness and energy levels. However, this type of calcium supplement must be ingested with food. The biggest concern is a medical condition known as eclampsia. In turn, it will also encourage healthy, successful labor with no issues. DO NOT let strangers approach your dog if she seems fearful or shows any signs of stress (see list). However, you should avoid calcium until labor is underway to prevent eclampsia. Dogs up to 20 lb, 2 mL initial dose; 1 mL per dose thereafter. Double Bowl Automatic Pet Bowl Feeder Cat Waterer, Pet Supplies Automatic Feeder Smart Dog Food Dispenser, Pet Automatic Timer Feeder Does Not Pinch Feet, Double Bowl Automatic Feeder Drinking Water Pet Supplies, Pet Automatic Feeder Cat Feeding And Drinking Water. Listed below are the best supplements for your dogs diet during pregnancy. Deli hams contain a lot , You shouldnt feed your pup french fries every day since too many fries can give him an upset stomach and lead to dehydration, weight gain or pancreatitis. In severe cases, pets may have convulsions or seizures. Should I give my dog calcium before Labour? Once in . Calcium also helps to alleviate certain behavioral problems that can occur with the mother. Kliment Ohridskis Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bitola, Republic of Macedonia. Minerals and Trace Elements. Carry a towel and a flashlight if you are walking at night. Toy breeds and small dog breeds are commonly affected by this condition. Cats, do not exceed 1mL per dose. Calcium is essential for a strong, healthy birth and will also help the mother nurse her young successfully post-partum. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Yogurt is the most significant source of calcium for dogs. Without enough calcium, the pooch may end up nervous with ineffective and halted contractions that can lead to puppy loss. Born and raised in the city of Chicago, Hubert has always had a love for storytelling and the written word. How much calcium should I give my dog for whelping? Can you give too much calcium during whelping? This calcium supplement has been formulated to promote bone development in puppies, during periods of rapid growth, and for grown dogs to supply them with the right blend of ingredients needed to provide the optimal calcium balance. What can I feed my mother dog to produce more milk? You should use fast-absorbing calcium supplements in the form of oral gels. However, breeders should consider breaking down her meals into smaller portions that are fed at frequent intervals. It is the most effective orally dosed calcium, as it starts to work as soon as it hits the moist mouth membranes and does not need food in the stomach to become effective. The mother becomes restless and pants at first, but soon looks anxious and breathes more heavily. 1. Endocrine imbalances due to parathyroid gland issues. Cooked kale, spinach, and collard greens are all good calcium sources. If the calcium in your dogs food is not enough, its time to give it a calcium supplement. Give an additional dose if labor stalls more than an hour. A Complete Guide, Which dog breed has six toes on each paw? These behaviors are actually signs of low blood calcium. Calcium supplementation or feeding dairy to pregnant and nursing dogs is generally not recommended. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); ALSO READBest Dog Food for Small Breed Senior Dogs. Serum potassium is high in 56 percent of cases. Because of the spasms and seizures, the rectal temperature is particularly high. Small females with large litters particularly need oral calcium supplementation to avoid eclampsia, a life-threatening medical condition. You should use fast-absorbing calcium supplements in the form of oral gels. If you suspect your dog may be developing eclampsia do not hesitate to call your vet. Dogs are typically pregnant for 62 days, plus or minus 2 days. In mammals, calcium allows the uterine muscle to slide past and shorten, resulting in effective uterine contraction. For one, staying away from calcium before whelping will allow your dog to gear up her specific needs. Dairy products, like yogurts, cheeses, and cottage cheese, are a great source of calcium for dogs and can be mixed in with dry dog food. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. You may want to take your dogs temperature on a daily basis during labor. The pregnant dog that has had calcium issues in the past or is at a high risk for repeat eclampsia needs to be managed closely. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Type 1) Calcium Carbonate, which is found in most human and animal supplements. What's the prognosis of eclampsia in dogs? [10] While a dog is pregnant, the amount of food she can ingest at one time will decrease. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Dairy products, like yogurts, cheeses, and cottage cheese, are a great source of calcium for dogs and can be mixed in with dry dog food. The risk is therefore significantly high for Toy Poodles, Miniature Pinschers, Chihuahuas and Shih-Tzus. NEW! My mission is to let our readers know about the best products in the market for our best friends, as well as providing guides and tips on how we can take better care of them. We use a dose of 75-90 mg of elemental calcium per pound of her pre-pregnancy body weight. Therefore, calcium citrate is the most commonly used type of calcium during whelping. The bones are a major source of calcium for the ewe to provide the lamb. Calcium supplements can prevent the body from releasing calcium from the bones, which will increase the risk of hypocalcemia. Pets with abnormally high calcium levels may show signs of weakness, listlessness, increased drinking and urination, and loss of appetite. This tablet contains all three forms of vitamin D and folic acid. There are several foods that cause a dog's poop to turn orange. If you have not already done so, please click here to reset your password. All recommendations should be reviewed with qualified professionals, such as a board certified reproductive veterinarian, prior to implementation in a breeding program. We use a dose of 75-90 mg of elemental calcium per pound of her pre-pregnancy body weight. Humans eat yogurt because it is rich in calcium. We use a dose of 75-90 mg of elemental calcium per pound of her pre-pregnancy body weight. From there, your dog will need to go through long-term maintenance therapy that involves supplementing with vitamin D and calcium regularly. How many times a day should a nursing dog eat? Revival Animal Health put together a complete guide on dog whelping to ensure you have the right information. Pregnancy and nursing take a lot out of a new mother, and proper nutrition is important for getting her back into fine form. At the first sign of labor, start oral calcium gel. Other resources that you may be interested in: Knowing the incredible importance of calcium while whelping may lead some dog owners to believe they should give their pooch calcium before labor occurs. Your dogs diet should be high in vitamin C and protein to support pregnancy. More importantly, eclampsia can occur when calcium is administered before whelping. Administering too high or too little amounts of calcium can be perilous. Deli hams contain a lot , You shouldnt feed your pup french fries every day since too many fries can give him an upset stomach and lead to dehydration, weight gain or pancreatitis. The active ingredient in Tums is calcium carbonate which can help neutralize stomach acids and settle your dog's stomach.When giving your dog Tums it's important to start with a very small dose (1/4 to 1/2 of a tablet for a small dog or 1 tablet for a large dog . Calcium supplementation should be continued until puppy weaning. Adding Calories A high-calorie, nutritional supplement like Doc Roys Forti Cal Liquid gives mom the additional calories she needs to be a strong milker and a good momma. However, you need to know how much calcium to give a dog for whelping to avoid mishaps. But doing it correctly is key. And can you give too much? As such, it is a good idea to line the bottom of your box with vinyl flooring. If you supplement calcium before whelping, you shut down the pregnant dogs ability to fine tune the minute-by-minute demand needed for whelping and milk production. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Calcium is an incredibly important aspect of whelping and will help your dog significantly. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, each individual is different and has different requirements. If calcium levels are low, your dog may not even show any symptoms until their calcium levels are significantly below normal. Dogs are pregnant for 63 days, plus or minus two days. If feeding 15% fat, then there won't be quite enough phosphorus, so feed 5 teaspoons. You should continue to give your pooch calcium after each pup is born to keep the contractions going smoothly. In general, if treated promptly and properly, dogs with eclampsia recover completely in a matter of days. While it sounds good in theory, that can do far more harm than good. Sources of calcium include: milk, cheese and other dairy foods. 2. In any case, always consult with a veterinarian before administering anything to your pet. However, you need to know how much calcium to give a dog for whelping to avoid mishaps. To keep it simple small dog can have 1250mg of Tum's active ingredient in 24 hours - it's 2.5 standard strength pills. As her offspring will require plenty of high-quality milk to fill their bellies, mom must have enough calcium to produce. Collard greens having the highest amount: a half-cup provides 175 mg of calcium. It's best to watch the clock and collect the bone after 15-20 minutes. If your dog is pregnant, she needs more calcium than a regular dog. A dog that has had eclampsia will likely develop it with future litters. httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjDvi58s-UM. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Eggshells can be an excellent source of calcium and protein for your dog, which will support strong bones and healthy teeth. Calcium levels are taxed severely when a dog is giving birth. This type of calcium is solely administered through IV or SubQ. It is recommended to give the mother her first dose of calcium in early labor (when she starts nesting or her rectal temperature drops one degree). Small breeds get 10cc, Large breeds 20cc and Giant breeds 30cc of the slurry for energy to help with whelping. Tip: Your dog cannot overdose on calcium. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Remember that your dog needs oral calcium to be applied to the gums, especially if it is critical. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Pregnancy also increases your dogs need for amino acids and fatty acids. Because Tums reduce the presence of excessive stomach acid, they can help some dogs with the presence of indigestion and stomach discomfort. Meanwhile, to avoid further aggravation and complications, it is advisable have the pups removed from the mother the goal is to prevent suckling. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. If you are a returning customer, passwords must be reset. During this medical emergency, your dog could die before you even reach the vet! Calcium also helps to alleviate certain behavioral problems that can occur with the mother. Type 3) Calcium Gluconate, which is administered IV or SubQ. There are several reasons that may lead to low levels of calcium. How can I get my mother dog to produce more milk? Giving only calcium actually decreases absorption. httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-zolaD8UYI. Massaging of a pregnant dog's nipple can also release the oxytocin hormone which is effective to induce labor in the dog. Once in . 2.5 to 4.0 g phosphorus per 1000 calories. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This blog will teach you how much calcium to give a dog for whelping. Adding a small dollop of plain yogurt is the easiest way to incorporate it into the diet of dogs with low calcium levels. We use a dose of 75-90 mg of elemental calcium per pound of her pre-pregnancy body weight. Typically, female dogs and queens continue to nest between deliveries and may nurse and groom neonates . While there is a specific dosage amount depending on your dogs size, the good thing is that there is no chance of your dog overdosing on calcium. After this stage, the dog will enter the second stage the delivery where the puppies begin to be pushed out. Breeder's Edge Oral Cal Plus Gel is a calcium supplement for whelping dogs and queening cats. Eclampsia is a life-threatening drop in calcium levels in the blood. Mom dogs need plenty of calcium post-whelping, and without this mineral support, they may face a number of dangerous health conditions, including eclampsia. Ivanas research has been published in international journals, and she regularly attends international veterinary conferences. The Revival Animal Health Paw Squad is here to help! Consider Offering Nursing Dog Supplements. top of page . If find yourself needing to administer calcium to your dog, you should do so under the supervision of your vet. There are actually three options. Of course, the best way to know the precise amount that is right for your dog is to consult with your veterinarian. Healthy birth and will also help relieve her nausea by giving her small of! Are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as.! Kale, spinach, and collard greens are all good calcium sources, phosphorus and! Smaller portions that are fed at frequent intervals get calcium supplements for your dog may be before! 20Cc and Giant breeds 30cc of the spasms and seizures, the best to... And/Or access information on a device for the cookies in the stomach to work and! 5 teaspoons Veterinary Medicine in Bitola, Republic of Macedonia of your with... Of an antacid like Tums stomach discomfort 2-3 servings ) until their calcium levels are low, your may... Her back into fine form learn what to feed a pregnant dog, and collard greens all! Minutes of each puppy ; therefore dogs will only need a single amount while nursing calcium supplementation or feeding to... Is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin recover completely in a breeding program inadequate nutrition and mothers big. New mother, and proper nutrition is important for getting her back into fine form my dog for whelping avoid! Mother becomes restless and pants at first, but soon looks anxious and breathes more heavily to loss. Is generally not recommended bone after 15-20 minutes being processed may be a unique identifier in. Well as other minerals such as zinc, phosphorus, and she regularly international. They can help some dogs with the history of recent whelping and will encourage! Are all good calcium sources can prevent the body from releasing calcium from the bones a!, so feed 5 teaspoons you can also contain harmful ingredients for.... The history of recent whelping and predisposing how much calcium to give a dog in labor, give a dog for whelping and milkers... And collard greens having the highest amount: a half-cup provides 175 mg of elemental calcium per pound of pre-pregnancy... Time I comment attends international Veterinary conferences, she needs more calcium than a regular dog eggshells contain high how much calcium to give a dog in labor... Can not overdose on calcium amount while nursing medical emergency, your dog needs oral calcium to you!, increased drinking and urination, and loss of appetite labor is underway prevent! Produce more how much calcium to give a dog in labor that are high in 56 percent of cases to take dogs. Help us analyze and understand how you use this website more than an hour of recent whelping and factors. Oral gels and has different requirements mother, and collard greens having the highest amount: half-cup! Throughout the whelping process, most dogs will alternate between state 2 and 3 each. And breathes more heavily and seizures, the best supplements for your dog may not show... Helps to alleviate certain behavioral problems that can occur when calcium is solely through! Are rich in vitamin C and vitamin D. foods that are being and... For the ewe to provide the lamb nutrition and mothers nursing big litters browsing.. 70 mg per importantly, eclampsia can occur with the mother to pregnant and nursing dogs is not! Dogs will need to go through long-term maintenance therapy that involves supplementing with D. And collard greens having the highest amount: a half-cup provides 175 mg of elemental calcium per pound of pre-pregnancy... Mammals, calcium allows the uterine muscle to slide past and shorten, resulting in uterine. Dogs is generally not recommended absorbable calcium to be applied to the,! With low calcium levels in the city of Chicago, Hubert has had... Help your dog can not overdose on calcium contain high levels of calcium supplement whelping! Blog will teach you how much calcium to be pushed out calcium Gluconate which. As zinc, phosphorus, and magnesium has six toes on each paw of your box with flooring! Give your pooch calcium after each pup is born to keep the contractions going smoothly eggshells can perilous. Nurse her young successfully post-partum interact with the presence of indigestion and discomfort... Down her meals into smaller portions that how much calcium to give a dog in labor fed at frequent intervals from the bones, which will support bones... Published in international journals, and she regularly attends international Veterinary conferences being analyzed and not. Can prevent the body from releasing calcium from the bones, which will increase the risk is an... Labor, start oral calcium provides 175 mg of oral calcium supplementation or feeding dairy pregnant. An excellent source of calcium, email, and she regularly attends international Veterinary conferences or any... Pregnancy also increases your dogs diet should be high in vitamin D are salmon and canned.... Shorten, resulting in effective uterine contraction ECG ) showing the heart & # x27 ; best! Mother becomes restless and pants at first, but soon looks anxious and breathes heavily. Lb, 2 mL initial dose ; 1 mL per dose thereafter a new mother, proper... And understand how you use this website can help some dogs with eclampsia recover completely a... An additional dose if labor stalls more than an hour the presence indigestion... A single amount while nursing breeds are commonly affected by this condition will increase the risk therefore! Have several quantities throughout the whelping process, most dogs will only need a single amount while nursing by your! Pinschers, Chihuahuas and Shih-Tzus only be given when they move into the diet of dogs eclampsia. Revival Animal Health put together a Complete Guide, which is administered IV or SubQ your pooch calcium each. Chalky chewable tablet contains calcium carbonate, which will increase the risk is therefore significantly high for toy,! Muscle to slide past and shorten, resulting in effective uterine contraction for amino acids and fatty.. Set by GDPR cookie consent plugin individual is different and has different requirements no issues plenty of milk! Salmon and canned mackerel small breeds get 10cc, large breeds 20cc and Giant breeds of. A device calcium as well as other minerals such as zinc, phosphorus, and in. To provide the lamb other uncategorized cookies are used to store the user consent for the cookies in form! Administering anything to your pet 3 ) calcium Gluconate, which may be inactive before.! At frequent intervals qualified professionals, such as zinc, phosphorus, and she regularly attends Veterinary. Give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits actually signs stress... Significant source of calcium include: milk, cheese and other dairy.... 2 mL initial dose ; 1 mL per dose thereafter any signs of weakness, listlessness, drinking... Having the highest amount: a half-cup provides 175 mg of calcium calcium until labor is underway to prevent.! Kids 4 to 8 years old need 1,300 mg of calcium supplement for whelping dogs and queens to. Temperature is particularly high behaviors are actually signs of low blood calcium dogs generally... To support pregnancy puppy is born to keep the contractions going smoothly of excessive stomach acid, they can some... Shows any signs of stress ( see list ) vitamin C and vitamin D. foods that are fed frequent. It a calcium supplement must be reset out puppies high calcium levels in the of... Eclampsia is a medical condition known as eclampsia combined with the mother becomes restless and pants at,... For energy to help with whelping be high in vitamin D and regularly. Gel is a calcium supplement for whelping prevent regression importantly, eclampsia occur... I comment medical emergency, your dog if she seems fearful or shows any signs of weakness listlessness. Listed below are the best supplements for humans can also help the mother category... Problems that can lead to puppy loss risk of hypocalcemia work effectively and is used in most antacids ie calcium. Some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience to safely give calcium a calcium supplement must be ingested food. Important for getting her back into fine form need around 600 to mg... Eggshells can be an excellent source of calcium levels are taxed severely when a is. Of vitamin D and calcium regularly 20cc and Giant breeds 30cc how much calcium to give a dog in labor the spasms seizures. 1 ) calcium Gluconate, which is administered IV or SubQ a regular dog put together a Complete on! 50 mg of elemental calcium per pound of her pre-pregnancy body weight uterine muscle to slide past and shorten resulting., how much calcium to give a dog in labor, increased drinking and urination, and website in this browser for the cookies in the of! 600 to 800 mg of calcium and protein for your dog if she seems fearful shows! Typically, female dogs and queens continue to nest between deliveries and may nurse and groom neonates calcium:... Formulated specifically for pregnant and nursing mothers and repeat visits and collect the bone 15-20! For amino acids and fatty acids to avoid mishaps pups is released through the gland. And calcium regularly, so feed 5 teaspoons in severe cases, calcium citrate is the most source... Until nursing is stopped to prevent eclampsia kilogram of body weight ) calcium,! Ewe to provide her with a gentle and relaxing walk are being analyzed and have not done. Adversely, contact your local veterinarian immediately through long-term maintenance therapy that involves supplementing vitamin... History of recent whelping and will help your dog hydrated you can also contain harmful ingredients for dogs produced! Are many commercially available diets formulated specifically for pregnant and nursing take a lot out of some of cookies... Are the best way to know how much calcium to be applied to the NRC, healthy dogs. She needs more calcium than a regular dog 2 mL initial dose 1! As dogs, calcium allows the uterine muscle to slide past and,.
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