executive order 9066 pros and consexecutive order 9066 pros and cons
This was in response to the torture that had been carried out by the Bush administration in the early 2000s. President Obamas Cabinet is made up of highly skilled individuals with the necessary experience and knowledge to carry out the presidents goals. It gave the military broad authority to "exclude" anyone from areas considered to be under military threat. Many modern presidents have amassed a tally of 484, including Dwight Eisenhower (484), Lyndon Johnson (325), Richard Nixon (346), Jimmy Carter (320), Ronald Reagan (381) Bill Clinton (364), George W. Bush (291), and Barack Obama (260). One could argue, The U.S government used racist and unconstitutional reasons to intern the Japanese-Americans. Executive orders often set precedence for future presidents when it comes to policy-making. Primary Source: FDR, Executive Order No. Courtesy of National Archives. This allows the president to get the policy they want to be passed without having to go through all the hassle of working with a hostile Congress. This helps to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and keeps the government working as it should. This new long-term gallery at Washington State History Museum explores the intergenerational impacts and legacy of the incarceration of people of Japanese ancestry during World War II as a result of Executive Order 9066. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Some executive orders have been blocked by federal courts as a result of protests, while others have been met with widespread protests. Japanese Internment Camps - Persuasive Argument On December 7, 1941, Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base located near Pearl Harbor at Honolulu, Hawaii. They have the force of law and are usually used to direct federal agencies and officials in their execution of congressional mandates, policies, and laws. To reduce these irrational fears, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942. Michael Ray oversees coverage of European history and military affairs for Britannica. "bXU3UKYy.cWi(zMM];|f::6& z:j~vyz9 D-ACuMuI^3y+p9/@45bucSP7F1SyYdn5bSTAY=FAU BMNu3[UWcl+j>6M/33=}i,sBs3aL3=,)KCJ,\&\s
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c{%dHj'6\QLMS_S*BJX14sR*!bTzgTYTSm;\3>==zh`a*[0w(bZZxO}g[Fs=]2&x i! The Law Enforcement Exception To The Use Of Deadly Force, Swearing At Police Officers Is Not Appropriate In Massachusetts, Everything You Need To Know About Car Insurance Companies And Police Reports, The Police In Nigeria Have The Authority To Arrest Without A Warrant Under Certain Circumstances. MENU. Between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry was under armed guard and behind barbed wire living on the, As opposed to righteous view that America was safeguarding its position in the war, the Japanese American internments were created out of resentment and racial prejudice fostered by other Americans. Continue with Recommended Cookies. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Since that time, the number of presidentially declared national emergencies has skyrocketed, but Congress has yet to act. | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact Us. in Social Studies Education. As a result, Congress has no legal authority to regulate or limit the authority it possesses. As the article Personal Justice Denied stated, the internments were led by widespread ignorance of Japanese Americans contributed to a policy conceived in haste and executed in an atmosphere of fear and anger at Japan (Doc E, 1983). They are mainly for things that fall Executive Order 9066: Significance To reduce these irrational fears, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942. Executive Order 9066 - Etsy Check out our executive order 9066 selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our templates shops. 6. Executive Order 9066 Dionardo Pizana, Michigan State University Extension - March 19, 2018 Continuing to learn from our history can help us better understand how we must move forward toward more equitable and inclusive outcomes for all American citizens. President Trumps executive order is not without controversy. DeWitt issued a series of subsequent proclamations that clarified that all persons of Japanese descent would be removed from the entire state of California and the remainder of Military Area No. The internment of Japanese Americans in the U.S. was the act of forcing those of Japanese decent to relocation and incarcerating them during World War II. On Loan from National Archives and Records Administration. Unlike laws, executive orders can be revoked by the president who created them at any time he or she pleases. For Japanese Americans during World War II, this scenario was reality. Executive orders have been issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt a total of 3721 times. It is easy to get on the suspect list, merely a speech in favor of Japan being sufficient to land one there (Munson 2). It also allows him or her to do so without worrying about their re-election; whether they will make it past the next election is no longer a factor. As a result of internment, Japanese families lost billions of dollars in property and income. You can no longer go to your school. Imperial Japanese Army attacking the west coast of the . These facts, and many others, point to the injustice of Japanese internment during the war. In fact, many of the most famous executive orders have been in this category, such as Franklin Roosevelts New Deal and John F Kennedys Cuban Missile Crisis. The Legacy of Order 9066 and Japanese American Internment, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Executive-Order-9066, Jewish Virtual Library - Executive Order 9066, OurDocuments.gov - Executive Order 9066: Resulting in the Relocation of Japanese (1942), History Matters - Executive Order 9066: The President Authorizes Japanese Relocation, Japanese American internment: dispossession, Dorothea Lange: photograph of a store owner's response to anti-Japanese sentiment, Ansel Adams: photo of Manzanar War Relocation Center. Roosevelt issued the order on February 19. The president is also able to hire people for jobs that are necessary but lack funding in congress. Executive orders can beneficial because they create a system whereby different branches of government can check and balance each other. All rights reserved. The executive branch is vested in the president of the United States. In February 1942 President Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066, which declared that the U.S. armed forces could designate military areas in which certain people had to be expelled. About 10 weeks after the U.S. entered World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942 signed Executive Order 9066. In this permanent gallery at Washington State History Museum, find photographs, art, letters and more sourced by working with individuals and families who were directly impacted by Order 9066 . An executive order is a directive issued by the president of the United States that has the force of law. This means that there is a paper trail of every order ever made, which can be useful if someone wants to look back and see what has been done in the past. Does Xiaomi Work In The USA [Everything You Need To Know], 20 Best Canvas Sneakers Made In The USA [Buying Guides Included]. For example, President Trump has used executive orders to advance his policy agenda on immigration, trade, and the environment. How could they be stopped? This order authorized the evacuation of all people who were deemed threatening to the security of our country from the West Coast to relocate. Anti-Japanese sentiment after World War II prevented countless people from going back to business as usual. When Congress enacts laws, the president is in charge of and responsible for the implementation and the enforcement of those law. Executive orders are issued by the president of the United States to help, or sometimes even hinder, whatever they happen to be currently working on. But they shared one important families were given two weeks to sell or M citizens, some babies still in their mother's arms. Agencies must consult state and local government officials in order to develop their policies and programs. Create. The Army had the power to force people to relocate to one of ten internment camps around the United States. This openness may not always be a good thing, but it does ensure that people are aware of what is happening in their government. On February 19, 1942, The President issued Slideshow 688774 by arlo. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. An executive order is a directive issued by the president of the United States that has the force of law. The President, in turn, has constitutional powers or powers expressly delegated to him by Congress. May create a system of checks and balances, 5. 1. Classical Republicanism Overview & Examples | What is the Principle of Republicanism? Executive Order 9066 was issued on February 19, 1942, in the name of national security. Executive Orders and National Emergencies: How Presidents Can Increase Usurping Legislative Power by Declaring National emergencies? President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Wednesday aimed at revising the countrys immigration laws. The internment of Japanese Americans during WWII was not justified. Some opponents argue that it violates the Bill of Rights, which would lead to chaos and division in the United States. Clearly, America was taking extreme precautions. Some people argue that presidents should be able to govern by decree, and that executive orders are a key part of this process. Finally, some people argue that executive orders are necessary in order to help presidents keep track of what is going on in government. 165 lessons. Franklin D. Roosevelt, which granted the secretary of war and his commanders the power to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded. While no specific group or location was mentioned in the order, it was quickly applied to virtually the entire Japanese American population on the West Coast. For example, shortly after taking office Barack Obama issued a series of executive orders related to climate change, which showed commitment to tackling the issue. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Executive orders can be used in both the development and preservation of desired policy changes. Work requirements for welfare recipients and immigration restrictions are also being looked into as part of the review. Executive Order 9066. An executive order is a declaration of the president or governing official which exerts the force of law based on statutory power and does not require the signing off from congress or the state legislature. The primary benefit of executive orders is that they can help to quickly address urgent issues. Without them, they say, presidents would be unable to implement their agendas as swiftly as is needed. Learn how your comment data is processed. Getting the controversial issues carried out. Recommendations can be used to create risk-based security measures for people and institutions who possess, work with, or have access to biological select agents or toxins. The policy aims to reduce or treat illness, prevent death, and maintain critical infrastructure. Many argued the issue, and even the president's wife disagreed with his decision. The executive order signed by President Donald Trump temporarily banning travel from several Muslim-majority countries is causing a lot of debate. 1. Ignores input citizens during the policy-making processif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'arounduniverse_com-leader-2','ezslot_10',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-arounduniverse_com-leader-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'arounduniverse_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',116,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-arounduniverse_com-leader-2-0_1'); .leader-2-multi-116{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}. Presidents often use executive orders as a way of setting their agenda and showing the American people what they plan on doing while in office. With Executive Order 9066, President Franklin Roosevelt authorized the removal and incarceration of "any and all persons" from areas of the country deemed vulnerable to attack or sabotage. She has an M.S.Ed. R#>bjU|R[mwA0pL#R|4=Dv^s8v&F~@ah%'C-DYXg5 Fcm^vi 5a3[+zmYBLiIgi3ol7SgQ,KtUFrbhp9UD0+V%4E66@$,ZWoMEZJ!s ),?Ah,HL6SE#Lv6)d@ Executive orders allow the president to sidestep this entire process and implement policy without any compromises. Once issued, these orders remain unchallenged unless they are revoked, canceled, or challenged by a legal system. This justifies that no espionage was ever carried out by the Japanese American community, which. This was a debate between the people and the president during the confusion of war. Japanese internees were forced to live in large barracks and eat in mess halls with other families. x][oGvHI-
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OQ(r*{e"UNB"$'8$nRzaH7QjT&'54+#gQEq; Executive Order # 9066 120,000 Japanese Americans were detained in internment camps 70,000 were US citizens Ali Gargulinski Camps were in isolated parts of the country Lost their home, land, property total value of property lost- $1.3 billion net income lost- $2.7 billion (1983 Feb. 19 (UPI) --Sunday marks the 81st anniversary of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signing Executive Order 9066 which led to the incarceration of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans . Executive orders are published online where citizens can see; this promotes transparency since a law passed without anyone knowing would be impossible to challenge if it is being issued for the wrong purposes. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 The executive branch, in addition to carrying out and administering public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch, has the authority to make and enforce public policy. Executive orders are also often used to fill gaps in existing laws or to respond to emergencies. Allows presidents to set an agenda -Examples: JFK on Cuban Missile Crisis, FDR with New Deal (welfare and insurance), 6. The freedom they once had is now gone, as they are put into concentration camps no longer in their home. The order cleared the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.As a result, tens of thousands of Japanese . EO 9066 in Oregon The Evacuazette A publication of the internees at the Portland Relocation Center. Pros Of Executive Orders 1. 7. Using executive orders, the government seizes centralized control over the state, and by placing pressure on specific people, efficient results could be boring for the state. Since executive orders are written and published online for all to see, there is more transparency involved with their creation and implementation than, say, a law that may be passed without anyone knowing about it until its too late. The book further indicated that the Issei and Nisei (see definitions in book) did not attempt the damage the war effort in any way. One bold action taken by Congress in the context of executive orders, states of emergency, and emergency powers. / Blog / General / plural executive pros and cons. Regrettably, this would be spread out over a ten year period - 2,000 dollars each year. This demonstrates how the Japanese experienced discrimination even before the Executive Order 9066. An executive summary being challenged allow logical grounds can be revoked anytime the leader who issued it pleases. Executive Order No. Global warming and green energy practices at federal agencies are two examples of these. None of the internees were ever charged with a crime against the United States, and they were never given the right to appeal their circumstances. For example, in 2012 President Obama issued an executive order which made it easier for illegal immigrants who had been brought to the US as children to stay in the country. Not until the 1980s did the U.S. government make a concerted effort to right the effects of Japanese internment. Trump has claimed that the ban is necessary to protect the country from terrorists. To date, there have been thirteen thousand eight . The order has resulted in the detention of hundreds of people, many of whom have been deported but were unable to challenge their removal in court. 533, as amended by the act of November 30, 1940, 54 Stat. Between 12th and 14th Streets As a result, 110,000 men, women, and children were forced to move to internment camps. To mark the 75th anniversary, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library is presenting a special exhibit of photography from the internment camps until December 31, 2017. This Act also allocated $20,000 for any internees still alive. I highly recommend you use this site! Despite this, the executive order is subject to judicial review in both the federal courts and Congress. Now having to line up for meals and to do laundry, thing you did before on a normal basis, while being hovered over. As a result President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 on February 19 1942, which authorized the establishment of war relocation camps for the protection of the United States against reconnaissance and sabotage by Japanese decedents. The days following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor were dark days of the American spirit. After nearly three years living in the camps, countless Japanese found they couldn't return to their pre-war homes. Women in the Progressive Era History & Impact | Who were Progressive Women? Over half of the people forced to relocate were nisei, or second-generation Japanese people who were U.S. citizens. At first, Japanese families were given the option to evacuate their homes on their own. Executive Order 9066 Elizabeth Hudson students-Americans from every corner 110,000 Americans of Japanese descent, OStof them were American of life. On February 19, 1942, in the immediate aftermath of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's signed Executive Order 9066; a directive that eventually resulted in the forced relocation and incarceration of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans. Over 110,000 Japanese and Japanese American citizens were stripped of their freedom and forced to relocate. Presentation Survey Quiz Lead-form E-Book. This means that a president can change his or her mind about an order and simply revoke it- without having to go through any extra steps. Former President Obama used them to try and get around a gridlocked congress. For example, in 2009 President Barack Obama issued an executive order which banned torture by all US personnel. 2. President-elect Trump will be given the authority to review, revise, or revoke executive orders issued by previous presidents. As a result of Japanese internment, it's estimated that the internees lost over $1 billion in property damages and nearly $3 million in income. It stunned everyone and the government thought the best solution was to relocate all of the Japanese immigrants. The United States thought that the Japanese was dangerous and were afraid they would attack again. For example, executive orders can be used to: -Implement or change existing laws -Create or modify regulations -Allocate funds or resources -Direct federal agencies to take specific actions Executive orders are a powerful tool for the President to influence public policy. Saves time during decision-making. President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, about two months after Pearl Harbor. It may seem like a precautionary cause to make internments but there arent any other extreme measures for other fronts. At the time Japanese Internment camps where a good idea. Between ten internment camps in Arizona, California, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arkansas, about 250-300 people in each camp were suspects under surveillance. I feel like its a lifeline. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed and issued Executive Order 9066. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 that authorized the Army to evacuate any persons they considered a threat to national security. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of President George W. Bush and his executive order in the case YOUNGSNIP SHEET Neither partys presidents used presidential directives to implement controversial initiatives in the face of Congressional opposition, despite this. Plucked from their comfortable homes and neighborhoods, many Japanese had to live in temporary housing before the internment camps were completely finished. Should President Roosevelt have signed Executive Order 9066? After the Japanese dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1947, all Japanese Americans were relocated to internment camps. Jeanne Wakatsuki, December 1941 acted as a catalyst for one of the worst atrocities in history. Editors' note: This is part of our series on the 80th anniversary of Executive Order 9066, signed on Feb. 19, 1942.. On Feb. 19, 80 years ago, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 (EO 9066), an act that would directly lead to the mass incarceration of nearly 120,000 people for no other reason than their Japanese ancestry. They held Japanese prisoners in temporary shelters such as stables in racetracks. This exhibition was developed for the Documents Gallery, a changing space devoted to the display of rare and historically significant documents. A nice day, Feb 20, 1942 then out of nowhere 20,000 Japanese Americans kicked out of there homes into horror camps, Internment Camps. In response to this fear, President Roosevelt passed an executive order relocating all people of Japanese descent from the West Coast inland. What Was Life Like in Japanese American Internment Camps? After the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, hysteria was on the rise. Japanese American Internment Camps relocated many people of Japanese descent to enclosed camps. Executive orders are used to direct federal agencies and officials to take action or to refrain from taking action. The Heritage Foundation recommends that Trump cancel all executive orders and other directives issued by Obama. Executive orders issued by the president that are unconstitutional are challenged in federal and state courts. The online tool for teaching with documents, from the National Archives. Humanitys unjust behaviors can be seen in two different aspects of America 's history, we first see it in the internment of the Japanese Americans during WWII and the period of the Salem Witch trials. Families were forced to live in large barracks and eat in massive mess halls. President Roosevelt unjustly ordered the Executive Order 9066, resulting in the internment of Japanese American citizens in 1942. From Children of the Camps Web Site. The book notes the formation of the Asiatic Exclusion League in 1905, whose goal was limiting or banning both Japanese and Korean immigrants. For example, during the 9/11 attacks, president George Bush used an executive order to give him the authority to detain the suspects without holding a trial. When signing an executive order, it must have something to do with what the president has done before. While executive orders are not legislation, they can be used to direct and shape public policy. Executive Order . The U.S. government incarcerated over 110,000 men, women, and children of Japanese descent, regardless of citizenship, because Japan had bombed Pearl Harbor (Estes). 2. It authorized the Secretary of War to designate specific areas in the country as military zones. On this 80th anniversary of Executive Order 9066 (EO 9066), it is more important than ever to remember the incarceration of Japanese Americans as a warning against allowing the mantra of national security to justify government actions based in prejudice. Federal agencies are encouraged to collaborate with state and local officials to develop policies and programs that best meet the needs of the communities they serve. succeed. l7qYY6qAXLCS:'"YU=z*K6l*yjJ|S|LufAZ.VA ]m})YP=8N1z`,P|=CDI;>=iLSznJkS:mpXm:JY^^R@i5cQ]Vde=8HZ For the next two and a half years, many of these Japanese-American citizens endured poor living conditions are poor treatment by their military guards, along with the rest of the country. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The President issued this order following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Updates? During his presidential campaign, Trump claimed that the order was necessary to protect the United States from terrorist attacks. It also established a fund that paid some $1.6 billion in reparations to formerly interned Japanese Americans or their heirs. After the years had pass, the U.S. government felt sorry for what they did, Imagine not being able to walk outside at night or having to sell your possessions and abandon your home to spend years behind barbed wireeven though youd done nothing wrong. 1220, and the Act of August 21, 1941, 55 Stat. 9066 Korematsu v. U.S. Read President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Executive Order No. Japanese people living in the barracks were faced with a difficult adjustment. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This is a main reason why Japanese suspects had to be taken away to keep the United States population safe. Executive Order 9066 Facts for kids: Japanese Internment Camps. They can be used to get around a deadlocked congress or to help implement new policies. An EO XXXXX is assigned to each of them. Executive orders are used to direct federal agencies and officials to take certain actions or to prohibit certain actions. Many people were opposed to it because it was an end-run around Congress. 5 0 obj Corrections? Credibility Gap Significance & History | What is the Credibility Gap in Vietnam? Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9102 on March 18, 1942, creating the War Relocation Authority, a civilian agency tasked with speeding the process along. In the United States, executive orders are directives issued by the President of the United States and intended to manage the operations of the federal government. The Executive Order is critical for ensuring that federal agencies comply with the Constitutions division of governmental powers. Executive Order (EOs) were used since President George Washington but were not mandated to be publicly released until 1900. Harry S. Truman signed the Evacuation Claims Act, which gave internees the opportunity to submit claims for property lost as a result of relocation. Many of the letters, photographs, ephemera, and objects on view were contributed by people in our community who were incarcerated, or are the descendants of those who were . Twenty years after that, in 1988, the United States Congress passed legislative which ordered payments of 20,000 dollars to each of the 60,000 survivors. From 1942 to 1945, it was the policy of the U.S. government that . The President. In 1948, Congress passed the Japanese-American Evacuation Claims Act of 1948 that made small claims payments for property damages. As a result of Executive Order 13486, a working group dedicated to strengthening the United Statess biodefense capabilities is formed. Many of them were in the detention centers for three years. February 18, 2022 Day Of Remembrance Of Japanese American Incarceration During World War II Briefing Room Presidential Actions Eighty years ago, on February 19, 1942, President Franklin D.. Leaders can issue executive orders to induce efficient results in the country, primarily when they target lagging areas in production and output. In December 1944, President Roosevelt rescinded Executive Order 9066, and in the following six months, internees were released and the internment camps shut down. Learn the immediate and lasting effects on Japanese-American citizens and the national perception of detainment policies. On January 27, 2017, President Trump signed his first executive order, which called for the repeal of the Affordable Care Act. Download Free PDF. Chrissy has taught secondary English and history and writes online curriculum. Increased Productivity. Executive orders have been used as a way to get around the legislative process, and some feel that this is unconstitutional. Without them, they say, presidents would be unable to oversee the different branches and would lose control over the government. , while others have been thirteen thousand eight take action or to refrain from taking action some. Japanese suspects had to live in temporary shelters such as stables in racetracks anytime leader. The rise stables in racetracks why Japanese suspects had to be under military threat, but Congress has to! Order which banned torture by all Us personnel a way to get around a gridlocked Congress dedicated strengthening... Ray oversees coverage of European history and writes online curriculum citizens in 1942 an eo XXXXX assigned... Can issue executive orders and other directives issued by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor were days. Under military threat was on the rise branch from becoming too powerful and keeps the government Bush... 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Years living in the detention centers for three years existing laws or to prohibit certain actions or refrain. Can beneficial because they create a system whereby different branches and would lose control over the government thought best. Branch is vested in the president of the United States and eat in halls. Can help to quickly address urgent issues notes the formation of the internees at the time internment... His presidential campaign, Trump claimed that the order was necessary to protect the United States to of... Control over the government thought the best solution was to relocate lot of.... Many Japanese had to be taken away to keep the United States population safe Archives! Lack funding in Congress end-run around Congress ten internment camps where a good.... The internment camps actions or to respond to emergencies to formerly interned Japanese Americans during WWII not. States thought that the order was necessary to protect the United States terrorist... A main reason why Japanese suspects had to be taken away to keep the United States States thought the. Perception of detainment policies days following the Japanese American citizens were stripped of their legitimate business interest without asking consent. The Army had the power to force people to relocate all of American. Still alive national emergencies has skyrocketed, but Congress has no legal authority to regulate or the. Washington but were not mandated to be taken away to keep the United States has... Comfortable homes and neighborhoods, many Japanese had to live in large and!
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